Bibliographic record
Abstract
This chapter examines the ecology of the digestive tract of humans and animals with particular reference to the association between anatomical structures, their related physiologies, the mode of feeding, and the functional association of specific microbial communities in different gut compartments of the digestive tract. A section provides the reader who is not familiar with the digestive tract, a brief, nonexhaustive summary of the major features of the digestive tract. The combination model is one in which the inefficiencies of foregut fermentation are translocated to the hindgut. In the competition model, exemplified by the meat eater, there is little hindgut fermentation but, in the combination model (exemplified by the horse, rabbit, and dugong), extensive fermentation in the cecum and colon is possible. The development of pregastric fermentation in herbivores is a very successful adaptation for animals consuming diets dominated by forages. In the golden hamster (Mesocricetus auratus), the esophagus joins the pregastric chamber in close proximity to a sphincter-like muscular ring and most of the ingested food is deposited in this pregastric chamber. The rock hyrax (Procavia habessinica) is unique in that it has three fermentation compartments that are completely separated from one another anatomically. In humans, the consumption of plant cell walls is not nearly as common as in herbivores, but complex carbohydrates in the form of starches are consumed and, in fact, encouraged because of the benefit to gut heath.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.003 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.012 | 0.005 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".