Trastorno de la personalidad por dependencia: etiología y tratamiento.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
People with Dependent Personality Disorder often have had parents that have protected them too much, underlining further the dangers of their decisions than the benefits. Overprotection of parents has led them to the development of passive behavior. Often the only source of stimulation in their environment has been the mother. The future dependents have developed an insecure attachment to their mother, leading them to feel more anxious to leave her. Often they have suffered a chronic illness in childhood or adolescence, and have not had sufficient satisfaction or have had too much satisfaction in the oral period. Responding to excessive frustration or to excessive satisfaction in childhood, they have developed a passive oral character, which often leads to weakness of character and tendency to alcoholism. The patterns of protector figures that have introjected will lead them to the choice of protector pairs and to the dependence on any protective figure, rather than to the choice of specific attachment figures. The need to distinguish themselves from others creates some uncertainty and anxiety to them and they show difficulty in securing personal identity. They show anxiety in the process of differentiation and they live the differentiation as a loss. They feel anxious when alone and euphoric in the company of protective figures. They live anchored in the dilemma of complete dependence or complete independence, without middle ground of more or less dependence. By failing to develop an autonomous personality, they are undecided, conformist and uncritical to the protective figures. They are more oriented towards the needs and desires of the people they love than towards their own needs. They are vulnerable to criticism from others and they are fear of failure. Their personality is characterized by a lack of self esteem, confidence and assertiveness, and the need for affection and the self-contempt. They are humble, kind, loyal, viscous, friendly and generous. They often develop psychosomatic disorders. Both the dependent and the avoidant personality have lack of security and fear of criticism. The avoidant is in great need of protection and affection, but usually does not trust others. The dependent, however, trust others. The avoidant keeps away from others and is isolated from others predicting exclusion. The dependent, however, fears being alone, trust others and seeks their protection. The therapist should set clear goals for patients with dependent personality, because they must go leaving the feeling of futility, as they achieve these goals. But the dependent personality always looks suspiciously the therapeutic advances that will lead him to independence. The therapist must teach behavioral skills and make decisions. The others must share their doubts with him. Objectives: Assess “Alexithymia” as a variable in patients with dysthymia. Material and Methods: Alexithymia Toronto Scale 20-items (TAS-20) and Zung`s Self-Rating Depression Scale (SDS) applied to 30 subjects. Mean (X), standard deviation (SD), positive cases percentage (%), Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, t-Student test accepting p ). Depression in dysthymic disorders and alexithymia showed a positive lineal correlation, r=+0.62. Conclusions: Dysthymia shows increased alexithymia.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.111 | 0.003 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; both teacher heads agree on what is shown here.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".