Stability of Human Gallbladder Bile: Effect of Freezing
Bibliographic record
Abstract
In the present study, the stability of the most essential biliary parameters of human gallbladder bile at -18 degrees C was examined over several months. In 12 patients with gallstone disease (10 female, two male; 52.1+/-13.3 years of age), bile was obtained through fine needle puncture of the gallbladder under local anesthetic. The concentrations of total lipids, cholesterol, phospholipids and bile acids, and the cholesterol saturation index and crystal appearance time were determined before and after freezing over a mean period of 4.38+/-2.9 months. Gallbladder bile obtained by fine needle puncture has proved to be of excellent quality. The total lipid concentration was unchanged before (8.30+/-4.16 g/dL) and after freezing (9.16+/-4.54 g/dL, P=0.6027). The biliary cholesterol, phospholipids and bile acid concentrations, and cholesterol saturation index showed no statistically significant differences before and after freezing. A significant difference arises in the context of subdivision of the group to the nucleation time. Before freezing, most patients had a nucleation time between five and eight days, which shortened to between one and four days after thawing (P=0.0100). The authors conclude that, with the exception of the nucleation time, human gallbladder bile can be stored at -18 degrees C for four months with stability of major lipid components.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".