Does the depth of client experiencing predict good psychotherapy outcomes? A meta-analysis of treatment outcomes
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The Experiencing Scale (EXP), a measure of client's emotional processing, is often used in psychotherapy process research. While researchers agree that it predicts treatment outcomes, this relationship has not been systematically studied. This meta-analysis quantified the relationship between EXP and therapy outcomes using a total of 11 studies and 458 clients. Analysis indicated that peak EXP measured during the working phase was the strongest predictor of treatment outcomes, r = .236. Subgroup analyses indicated that working phase effects were moderated by the outcome measure modality. Early phase effects were moderated by the type of treatment and the treatment target. In accordance with the literature in the field, working phase EXP was found to be a significant predictor of clinical outcomes, although this relationship was influenced by a number of variables. Further research should look at the moderators between EXP and outcomes, and at processes that increase client experiencing.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.005 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".