Chapter V. Examples Of Domestic Laws Of countries Permitting Some corporal Punishment Of Children
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This chapter focuses on the United States and Canada as providing sufficient exemplars of legalized parental and other corporal punishment of children. The author has selected the United States because the subject of corporal punishment of children is mostly regulated by states, rather than by the national government, and since there are fifty states, the United States is a plentiful source of variations on the theme. And, he has selected Canada inasmuch as its Supreme Court recently issued a decision on the legality of corporal punishment of children that is emblematic of the piecemeal reforms some countries are experimenting with. The chapter presents a representative sampling of American state laws, as well as a few relevant federal laws, on corporal punishment of children. The high Court's opinion acknowledges that there is a principle of fundamental justice that accused must enjoy adequate procedural protections in the criminal justice system.Keywords: Canada; corporal punishment of children; criminal justice system; domestic laws; United States
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.004 | 0.002 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.014 | 0.002 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".