Balancing, Proportionality, and Human Rights Adjudication in Comparative Context: Lessons for Nigeria
Bibliographic record
Abstract
What is the nature of the role that courts perform when they evaluate human rights complaints? Answering this question engages two related but contending values in the process of protecting human rights through judicial means. The first value is that persons are entitled to certain rights and freedoms that are either completely outside the controlling power of the state, organizations and others in the society, or which when they are infringed could trigger an application for judicial protection by the victims. The second value is that the state can impose limitations on certain rights and freedoms but only if it could justify those limitations by showing how they further overriding public objectives. Among those objectives may be to protect the rights of others from violation or to preserve overall public order, health, safety and morality. This article discusses the evolution of comparative judicial standards the balancing of personal rights and freedoms against interests of the public at large.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.044 | 0.050 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.003 | 0.004 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.005 | 0.026 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.010 | 0.015 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Research integrity | 0.003 | 0.004 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.006 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".