Bibliographic record
Abstract
1 PBL的源由及在台湾的萌芽 以问题为导向的学习（PBL）是近代高等学习的典范及潮流。PBL源由于1920年代商业管理的小组学习培训教育理念，于50年代以临床教案（Clinical Cases）的形式出现在医学教育。在1960年中期才由加拿大安大略省（Ontario）的McMaster大学综合了以上的二种形式融和出一种教育理念及学习方法，就成为当今的以“问题导向学习”的教育哲理；并“以学生为中心”，“以问题为教材”，“以小组为模式”及“以讨论为学习”的形式建立了世界上第一所PBL为主轴课程的医学院。至80年代PBL已传布欧美。亦影响了哈佛大学的课程设计及教育方针。90年代PBL之风才吹入了亚洲，而于12年前左右登陆台湾，最先是由台湾国立大学医学院的谢博生教授引入哈佛大学的第二代PBL；
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.005 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.004 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; both teacher heads agree on what is shown here.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".