THE CYCLOTRON FACILITY AT THE LABORATORY OF APPLIED NUCLEAR ENERGY (L.E.N.A.) OF THE UNIVERSITY OF PAVIA
Bibliographic record
Abstract
A cyclotron facility has been recently installed at the Laboratory of Applied Nuclear Energy (L.E.N.A.) [1] of the University of Pavia for the production of radioisotopes for medical use. L.E.N.A. is a laboratory where a TRIGA MARK II research nuclear reactor [2] is used for several scientific applications since 1965. The accelerator is an IBA CYCLONE 18/9 [3] with fixed energy of 18 MeV for protons and 9 MeV for deuterons equipped with three targets (two of which for 18F production and one for 13N-Ammonia) with the possibility of extension to eight targets. The site also includes a radiochemical laboratory for radioisotope packaging and delivery in shielded cases. The cyclotron building is separated from the reactor one with a stand-alone system for area radiation monitoring and other safety systems. Present applications are dedicated to radioisotopes production for PET medical centres. In the future this facility will offer the opportunity of the installation of an external beam line for a wide range of applications (e.g., radiobiological research). Since the cyclotron is installed in a university laboratory this can also be used as a training facility for particle accelerator courses. CYCLOTRON FACILITY The cyclotron facility has been installed in a three-floors building beside and separated from L.E.NA. On the underground floor there are the Bunker room, the Power Supply room and the Control room. On the ground floor there are the Radiochemical Laboratory and the Decontamination room. Technical room is on the first floor.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.040 | 0.005 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".