Bibliographic record
Abstract
The present study was carried out to simplify existing biofilm one-dimensional models, which consider a single substrate as the limiting factor. Models of Suidan and Wang (1985) and Sáez and Rittmann (1988, 1992) were selected for the present study. Thus, modified expressions were developed for the first one, while the exact solution of the second one could be obtained. The modified expressions and the exact solution are short, simple, easy to use, and give reliable results in comparison to the original models. In addition, the proposed expressions and solution can be used instead of the graphical solutions, which are commonly used to solve the original models. Applicability of the developed expressions has been demonstrated through an illustrative example. The proposed expressions and the present study may be useful to simplify the description of biofilm in many systems such as completely mixed or fluidized-bed reactor for treatment of water or wastewater as well as the biofilm-activated sludge reactors. Moreover, the exact solution from this study can be used to establish the biofilm kinetics instead of using the curve-matching technique. Key words: biofilm, model, modified expressions, steady state, substrate flux.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.004 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Open science | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.005 | 0.002 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".