Significant decline of hepatocellular carcinoma from 1964 to 1996 in black gold miners from Mozambique working in South Africa
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Exceedingly high rates of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) have long been reported among both the resident male and female populations of Mozambique and among the all-male migrant labour force from that territory who work on the gold mines of South Africa. Medical records of the Chamber of Mines and labour records of The Employment Bureau of Africa, analysed for HCC over a 33-year period, show a regular decrease of HCC in miners recruited from Mozambique, from 78.1 cases per 100 000 man-years in the first period, 1964-68, to 16.9 in the latest quarter, 1989-96. A similar change is reported among the resident population. In both groups the epicentre of HCC lies in the east of the country in inhambane province. By contrast, low cancer rates among Mozambican miners in the period 1989-96 are recorded for several sites, especially those related to HIV/AIDS. The substantial and unexplained decline of HCC is considered in relation to the severe hardships of environmental conditions and to postulated changes in life expectancy from prolonged wars, HIV/AIDS and other infections, as well as ingestion of food-borne aflatoxin or changing status of HBV infection.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".