Bibliographic record
Abstract
The Unit Basin is the elementary building concept in the theory of gravity-driven regional groundwater flow. It is envisaged as a two-dimensional vertical slab of unit thickness and of homogeneous and isotropic hydraulic conductivity of the Earth's crust (Fig. 2.1). On the top, it is bounded by an axially symmetrical topographic depression with water tables rising linearly from the central thalweg to the divides, by an effectively impermeable horizontal stratum at the base, and by two vertical planes forming the sides beneath the water divides. The sides are considered impervious to flow owing to the water table's symmetry relative to the divides. The basic pattern of regional groundwater flow is a steady-state flow-field, which develops in a saturated unit basin with gravity being the sole water-driving force. General flow patterns may be thought of as modified versions of the basic pattern. Commonly, general patterns can be resolved into cells or compartments in which flow characteristics are similar to those of the basic pattern. The basic flow pattern The Unit Basin as defined above is a conservative flow domain. In a conservative domain no sources or sinks of energy or flow occur. The distributions of hydraulic head and flow can thus be calculated by the Laplace equation (Eq. 1.2) using the appropriate boundary conditions (Fig. 2.1; App. A; Tóth, 1962a; Freeze and Witherspoon, 1967; Wang and Anderson, 1982; Zijl and Nawalany, 1993).
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.004 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.003 | 0.004 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.026 | 0.008 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".