Bibliographic record
Abstract
The Symptom Experience of Postpartum Pain after Cesarean Birth\n\nEmily G. Chin, Ph.D.\nDepartment of Women, Children, and Family Health Science\nUniversity of Illinois at Chicago\nChicago, Illinois 2012\n\nDissertation Chairperson: Dr. Catherine Vincent\n\nPain is a common experience after all births, particularly after cesarean birth, where pain has been reported as more intense and longer lasting when compared to vaginal birth. Postpartum pain has detrimental implications for both the infant and mother by interfering with infant care, breastfeeding exclusivity, and maternal sleep. This study was guided by the University of California at San Francisco (UCSF) symptom management theory, focusing on the symptom experience components of perception, evaluation, and response. The study aim was to comprehensively describe the symptom experience of postpartum pain after cesarean birth, reflecting the 4 dimensions (sensory, affective, cognitive, and behavioral) and 2 types (nociceptive and neuropathic) of pain.\n In this concurrent mixed-methods study, thirty participants scheduled for a cesarean birth at an academic medical center were recruited. Data were collected at 24 to 48 hours after birth and at 6 weeks postpartum. Through the PAINReportIt (computerized McGill Pain Questionnaire) and an open ended interviews, participants described their pain in terms of the 3 symptom experience components, 4 pain dimensions, and words reflective of the 2 pain types. Regarding pain symptom experience, participants perceived the change in sensation, evaluated the impact on their lives, and responded with behavioral changes. For pain dimensions, participants reported mild pain intensity; on a 0-10 scale, at 24 to 48 hours mean pain score was 2.75 (+/- 1.8) and at 6 weeks 1.1 (+/- 2.4). In spite of these mild pain scores, most participants described their pain as aching, cramping, tender, and sore; for many, these descriptions persisted at 6 weeks. Most participants expected their pain and were satisfied with their pain level. Pain affected participants’ actions such as lifting and affected their roles with partners and children. Participants selected pain descriptors associated with nociceptive (e.g., cramping, tender, and sore) and neuropathic (e.g., aching) pain at both visits. \nThe symptom experience of pain is multidimensional, individual, and complex. The symptom management theory provided a valuable framework and PAINReportIt and interview comprehensive measures to describe this phenomenon.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.004 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".