Analysis of the international debate on the right to peace in the context of the human rights and intergovernmental bodies of the United Nations
Why this work is in the frame
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
Desde la creacion de las Naciones Unidas en el ano 1945 la comunidad internacional ha participado activamente en la promocion y fortalecimiento de la paz mundial a traves de la aprobacion de diferentes leyes de paz y resoluciones. En particular, la Carta de las Naciones Unidas y el Codigo Internacional de Derechos Humanos son considerados instrumentos juridicos vitales, que tienen como finalidad principal la realizacion de la paz y, en consecuencia, la eliminacion progresiva de la guerra y los conflictos armados en todo el mundo. A raiz de estos antecedentes, algunos Estados miembros y otros actores estan actualmente promoviendo la adopcion por el Consejo de Derechos Humanos y eventualmente por la Asamblea General de un nuevo instrumento sobre el derecho a la paz. En esta tesis se analiza el debate en curso y sus consecuencias juridicas a luz del derecho internacional y los derechos humanos. La tesis propone el concepto del derecho a vivir en paz, derechos humanos y desarrollo como un medio para seguir elaborando el derecho a la paz en el contexto del paradigma de los derechos humanos. Puesto que el derecho a la vida se viola de forma masiva en un contexto de guerra y conflictos armados, la comunidad internacional deberia elaborar este derecho fundamental en relacion con las tres nociones antes senaladas con el fin de mejorar las condiciones de vida de la humanidad. El derecho a vivir en paz esta mas ligado a los derechos humanos que el llamado derecho a la paz, tanto en su dimension individual como colectiva. Cabe senalar que la reciente practica tanto a nivel regional como de los Estados no ha elaborado todavia un concepto del derecho a la paz vinculado a los derechos humanos. Estos instrumentos juridicos han seguido utilizando la nocion del derecho a la paz en el contexto de la relacion entre los Estados sin vincularlo propiamente a los derechos humanos y las libertades fundamentales. Por lo tanto, teniendo en cuenta que tenemos dos opciones posibles, el derecho a vivir en paz o el derecho a la paz, ambos reconocidos por diferentes instrumentos de soft law, prefiero la primera porque en este caso la paz esta mas ligada al ambito de los derechos humanos. Ademas, como veremos en esta presentacion, debemos recordar que el Consejo de Derechos Humanos se centra principalmente en la promocion y proteccion de las victimas de las violaciones de los derechos humanos, incluso en un contexto de conflicto armado. Para elaborar esta opcion, la tesis ha analizado el debate actual a nivel juridico sobre la relacion entre la paz y los derechos humanos y el derecho a la paz siempre en el contexto de los principales organos intergubernamentales sobre los derechos humanos de las Naciones Unidas. En particular, me he centrado en la contribucion realizada por la Asamblea General, la Comision de Derechos Humanos y el Consejo de Derechos Humanos. POLTAK, C., Humanitarian intervention: a contemporary interpretation of the Charter of the United Nations, University of Toronto Faculty Law Review, vol. 60 (2), 2002 PRZETACZNIK, F., A definition of peace, 11 Sri Lanka Journal of International Law, 1999 PRZETACZNIK, F., ?Basic ideas of the philosophical concept of peace?, Sri Lanka Journal of International Law, n. 7, 1995 PRZETACZNIK, F., ?The philosophical concept of education for peace?, Sri Lanka Journal of International Law, n. 10, 1998 PRZETACZNIK, F., ?The concept of genuine and just peace as a basic collective human right?, New York Law School Journal of Human Rights, Vol. VI, 1988-89 PRZETACZNIK, F., ?The basic collective human right to self-determination of peoples and nations as a prerequisite for peace?, New York Law School Journal of Human Rights, Vol. 8, 1990-91 RABKIN, J., ?What we can learn about human dignity from international law?, Harvard Journal of Law and Public Policy, Fall 2003, n. 27 RAMCHARAN, B., ?The Right to Life?, Netherlands International Law Review (NILR), 1983 RAMCHARAN, B. G., ?Individual, collective and group rights: history, theory, practice and contemporary evolution?, International Journal on Group Rights, Vol. 1, 1993 RAUCHBERG, H., « Les obligations juridiques des membres de la societe des nations pour le maintien de la paix », in Recueil des Cours, 1931, III, Tome 37 de la Collection, Academie de Droit International RICHARD, P., « Droits de l?homme, paix et desarmement. Elements essentiels de la garantie du droit de vivre », in PREMONT, D., Essays on the right to life, Brussels, Association of International Consultants on Human Rights, 1988 RILEY, S., ?Human dignity: comparative and conceptual debates?, International Journal of Law in context, 2010, n. 6 ROACH, C., ?People?s rights and the right to communicate?, The Guild Practitioner, Vol. 48, 1991 ROBINSON, M., ?From Human Rights to People?s Rights: fifty years after the Universal Declaration?, Diritti dell?uomo, diritti dei popoli, 2002 ROCHE, D., The human right to peace, Novalis, Canada, 2003, ROSAS, A., ?The Nordic countries and the international protection of human rights?, Nordic Journal of International Law, Vol. 57, p. 424-441 RUTGERS, V. H., « La mise en harmonie du pacte de la societe des nations avec le parte du Paris », in Recueil des Cours, 1931, IV, Tome 38 de la Collection, Academie de Droit International SELWYN MILLER, A. and FEINRIDER, M., ?Nuclear weapons and law?, Georgia Journal of International and Comparative Law, n. 15, 1985 SIMMA, B. and ALSTON, P., ?The Sources of Human Rights Law: Custom, Jus Cogens and General Principles?, Australian Yearbook of International Law, Vol. 12, 1991 SCHABAS, W.A., The Universal Declaration of Human Rights: the travaux pre?paratoires, New York, Cambridge University Press, 2013 SCHACHTER, O., ?Relation of peace and human rights?, International Legal Practices, Vol. 13, 1988 SCHOELL, F. and DE KOCH, M., Histoire abregee des traites de paix, entre les puissances de l'Europe, depuis la paix de Westphalie, Chez Gide fils, Paris, 1817 SCHULZ, G., Revolutions and peace treaties, Methuen/Co Ltd, London, 1967 SCRIMALI, A., La reforma del pacto de la sociedad de Naciones y la revision de los tratados de paz, Talleres tipograficos de Carasa, La Habana, 1940 SHAW, M. N., International law, 6th ed., Cambridge, England ; New York : Cambridge University Press, 2008 SIMA, B., KHAN, D.E. and PAULUS, A., The Charter of the United Nations, A commentary, Oxford Commentaries on international law, third edition, Volume II , November 2012 SYMONIDES, J., ?Towards the Universal Recognition of the human right to peace?, International Affairs Review, 2006, No. 1 (153) SOHN, L. B., ?The new international law: protection of the rights of individuals rather than states?, The American University Law Review, Vol. 32: 1, 1982-1983, p. 1-64 SULLIVAN, P. M., ?Under the cannon: examining the military presence in Hawaii?, Asian-Pacific Law and Policy Journal, Vol. 4, Issue 2, 2003 UNESCO, The dynamics of peace, France, 1986 UNESCO, Dans l'Esprit des hommes, 1946-1971, Paris, 1972 United Nations Development Program, Human Development Report, Oxford University Press, 1994 VALBERT, Revue des Deux Mondes, 1894 VAN BOVEN, T. C., ?Fundamental rights and nuclear arms?, Hamline Law Review, Vol. 13 VEUTHEY, M., « Le droit a la survie, fundament du droit humanitaire » in PREMONT, D., Essays on the right to life, Brussels, Association of International Consultants on Human Rights, 1988 VILLAN DURAN, C., Curso de Derecho internacional de los derechos humanos, Madrid, Trotta, 2002 (reimpresion: 2006), 1028 VILLAN DURAN, C., ?Los derechos humanos y la inmigracion en el marco de las Naciones Unidas?, in HIDALGO TUNON (A.) y GARCIA FERNANDEZ (R.) (coordinadores), Etica, pluralismo y flujos migratorios en la Europa de los 25. Oviedo, Eikasia Ediciones, 2005, 329 p. VILLAN DURAN, C. and RUEDA CASTANON, C.R. (edit.), The Luarca Declaration on the Human Right to Peace, Madu Ediciones, Granda (Asturias), 2007 VILLAN DURAN, C. and FALEH PEREZ, C., Regional Contributions on the Human Right to Peace, SSIHRL, July 2010 VILLAN DURAN, C. and FALEH PEREZ, C., The International Observatory on the Human Right to Peace, SSIHRL, March 2013 VILLAN DURAN, C., ?The human right to peace: A legislative initiative from the Spanish civil society?, in Spanish Yearbook of International Law, 2011 VILLAN DURAN, C., Civil society organizations contribution to the Universal Declaration on the Human Right to Peace?, International Journal on World Peace, vol. XXVIII, no. 4, December 2011 WADDINGTON, L., ?Reassessing the Employment of People with Disabilities in Europe From Quotas to Anti-Discrimination Laws?, Comparative Labour Law Review, n. 18, 1996 WALTERS, F.P., A History of the League of Nations, Oxford University Press, London, 1952 WELLMAN, C., ?Solidarity, the individual and human rights?, Human Rights Quarterly, Vol. 22, 2000 WEHBERG, Hans, « La contribution des conferences de la paix de la Haye au progres du droit international », in Recueil des Cours, 1931, III, Tome 37 de la Collection, Academie de Droit International WEISSBRODT, D. and HALLENDORF, M., ?Travaux Preparatoires of the Fair Trial Provisions--Articles 8 to 11--of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights?, Human Rights Quarterly, N. 21.4 (1999) WICKS, E., ?The meaning of life: dignity and the right to life in international human rights treaties?, Human Rights Law Review, 2012, Vol. 12:2 WRANGE, P., ?Downtown, Midtown, Uptown?, Nordic Journal of International Law, n. 68, 1999 ZAYAS, A., ?Peace as a human right, The prohibition of aggression in international law?, The Geneva Post Quarterly, Vol. 3 No. 1, August 2008 THIRLWAY, H., ?The sources of international law?, in EVANS, M., International Law, Third Edition, Oxford, England ; New York : Oxford University Press, 2010 The Angel of Peace sent to the peace ambassadors of England and the Netherland in Breda, whence it is intended for the transmission to all the christians in Europe and thereafter to all the nations throughout the world. May 1667
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.002 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it