Bibliographic record
Abstract
On the eve of the Progressive Conservative election victory in 1957 there was nothing in the 'low politics' of trade and monetary relations between Canada and the United Kingdom to match the dramatic impact of the Suez Crisis on the broader relationship between the two countries. But although economic relations had not been subject to any such shock, Canada's economic links with the United Kingdom had been subject to prolonged erosion and were completely overshadowed by those between Canada and the United States. British exports to Canada, despite preferential treatment, had struggled in the postwar years. Although they had risen sharply between 1955 and 1956, they still accounted for only 8.5 percent of total Canadian imports in those years. This was approximately half the prewar share, still well below the level of the late 1940s, and dwarfed by imports from the United States, which accounted for 73 percent of the market. Britain was Canada's second most important customer, but a long way behind the United States, which had steadily grown in absolute and relative importance in the decade after the Second World War. Canadian exports to the United Kingdom constantly disappointed Ottawa, and an edge to Canadian frustration was provided by the persistence of dollar rationing and import licencing by Britain, which hampered Canadian sales. The Americans dominated inward investment.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.009 | 0.006 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.004 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.012 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".