Intralipid Reverses Propofol‐Mediated Hypotension in Rats
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Introduction Propofol is a commonly used anesthetic. Despite its favourable safety profile, propofol causes hypotension which can result in end‐organ hypoperfusion. Intralipid is a lipid emulsion that has been shown to reverse the vasodilatory effects of propofol in isolated vessels; however, whether these effects are recapitulated in vivo is not known. The objectives of this study were to determine if intralipid reverses the hypotensive and anesthetic effects of propofol in rats. Methods Under isoflurane anesthesia, male Sprague Dawley rats were instrumented with indwelling catheters for mean arterial pressure (MAP) assessments as well as subdural electrodes for cortical activity assessments by electroencephalography (EEG). Results Propofol (10 mg/kg IV) caused hypotension (55±2% drop in MAP, P<0.001) and intralipid (4mL/kg IV) caused greater reversal (80±9%) of blood pressures compared to saline (19±1%; P<0.001). Blockade of the autonomic nervous system with chlorisondamine (2.5 mg/kg IV) caused marked hypotension (56±3% lowering of MAP, P<0.001) which could be reversed with a constant infusion of phenylephrine (300 μg/kg/hr); under these conditions, propofol nevertheless caused hypotension (12±4% lowering of MAP) which was completely reversed by intralipid. Propofol‐induced cortical burst suppression was not affected by intralipid (2±3%), saline (‐4%) or 20% BSA (‐2±1%; P=0.27). Conclusion These results demonstrate that intralipid reverses propofol‐mediated hypotension with minimal effects on its anesthetic profile. Intralipid could be particularly useful as a rescue against propofol in patients prone to hemodynamic instability such as the elderly. This work was funded by a grant from the University Hospital Foundation.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".