WRF-Chem modeling of sulfur dioxide emissions from the 2008 Kasatochi Volcano
Bibliographic record
Abstract
We simulate the dispersion and chemical evolution of the sulfur dioxide (SO2) plume following the eruption of Kasatochi Volcano in Alaska, USA, on August 7th, 2008 with the Weather Research Forecasting with Chemistry (WRF-Chem) model. The model was initialized with the observed three distinct plumes, which were characterized by a total estimated SO2 mass of 0.5 to 2.7 Tg. WRF-Chem modeled output was compared to remote sensing retrievals from the Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI), and the modeled plumes agreed well in shape and location with the OMI retrievals. The calculated SO2 column densities showed comparable Dobson Unit values with higher densities especially in the center of the distal plume over northern Canada. We concluded from our analysis that WRF-Chem derived a 9.1-day lifetime of the SO2 when initialized with a 12km eruption height. Sensitivity tests with varying eruption plume heights revealed significantly in- creased lifetimes of SO2 up to 17.1 days for higher plumes.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".