Bibliographic record
Abstract
The analysis of elbow radiographs of 21 272 dogs, examined during 1988-2005, enabled us to estimate the frequency of canine elbow dysplasia in 90 breeds of dogs. Relation between breeds and incidence of elbow dysplasia was established statistically. The percentage of affected specimens was surprisingly low at 0.7% (150 dogs), and distinctly lower than the percentages reported by several authors in Germany, the USA, and other countries. The highest number of dogs affected was found in 47 (1.7% of total number studied) German Shepherds, in 25 Rottweilers (2%), and in 17 Dachshunds (0.5%). Breeds most often affected were of FCI group II, namely English Mastiffs (9%), Dogue de Bordeaux (8.5%), Neapolitan Mastiffs (8.3%), and Newfoundlands (4.6%). Elbow dysplasia was also found with significant frequency in breeds of the FCI group VIII – Labrador Retrievers (4.3%) and Golden Retrievers (4.4%). Fragmented coronoid process (FCP) was most frequently diagnosed (58.0% out of 150 affected specimens). Ununited anconeal process (UAP), was diagnosed in 32.0%. FCP and UAP together were present in 6.7% of the dysplastic specimens. No cases of osteochondritis dessecans and joint incongruity were found. UAP cases were most common in German Shepherds, while FCP occurred most frequently in Dogues de Bordeaux and Rottweilers.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".