AN INVESTIGATION OF TRENDS IN CARBONACEOUS AEROSOLS OVER NORTH AMERICA
Bibliographic record
Abstract
A long term (1989-2008) decreasing trend in black carbon and organic carbon surface concentrations is indicated by insitu measurements (IMPROVE) in the United States in winter months. The observed percent negative trend is higher in the western United States than the eastern region. This study examines how the observed trend relates to emission inventories of black carbon and organic carbon. Attention is paid to the contribution of emissions from the residential sector to the observed decreasing trend particularly over the western United States. A chemical transport model is used to relate the emission inventories to concentrations. A variety of bottom-up emission inventories are tested. Multiple linear regression was used to estimate the anthropogenic sources contributing to trends in BC and OC concentrations in winter months over US. The larger relative trend of carbonaceous aerosols in the west appears to be driven by the larger relative contribution of residential and transport sources to this region.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".