<i>Bifidobacteria</i> confer protection against NSAID‐enteropathy independently of acetate production
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Rats were orally treated with vehicle or Bifidobacterium longum subsp. Adolescentis (BA), a low acetate producer, or B. longum subsp. longum (BL), a high acetate producer (both at 10 9 CFU), for 9 days. In addition, two isogenic strains were also tested: a second BL strain (BN) and its derivative (BNKO) in which a gene deletion results in low acetate production. Naproxen (20 mg/kg) was co‐administered on the final 4 days, then small intestinal damage was blindly scored. Treatment with BA decreased naproxen‐induced intestinal damage by 82%; p<0.05, while BL exerted no effect. BN reduced damage by 75% (p<0.05), and a similar beneficial effect was observed with the low acetate‐producing knockout bacterium, BNKO (62% reduction; p<0.05). Small intestinal injury by NSAIDs is a serious clinical problem, with no available treatments. Acetate production by these Bifidobacterium strains does not appear to be important for prevention of NSAID‐enteropathy, given that a high acetate producing Bifidobacteria (BL) exhibited no protective effect, while a low acetate‐producing mutant (BNKO) was as effective in reducing damage as another high acetate‐producing bacterium (BN).
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".