Modulation of Multiple Types of Ion Channels by Carbon Monoxide in Nonvascular Tissues and Cells
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Carbon monoxide (CO) is a gasotransmitter. Once generated in cells, CO affects specific cellular functions depending on cell types and specific targets in the cells. Ion channels couple membrane excitability and metabolism to cellular functions. The interaction of CO and ion channels constitutes an important mechanism for the biological effect of CO. CO has been reported to alter the expression or function of K+ channels, Ca2+ channels, Na+ channels, and other types of nonselective ion channels in different tissues. Different types of K+ channels are the main target of CO in various tissues including visceral smooth muscle cells. Modulation of Ca2+ channel function by CO has been controversial, especially in chemosensitive cells of the carotid body. The diversity of effects of CO on ion channels is best exemplified in neurons. Future studies need to establish more specifically the role of endogenous CO in the regulation of the ion channel, the molecular mechanisms for the CO-induced changes in ion channel function and expression, and the correlation of the effects of CO on ion channels with specific cellular functions. Pathophysiological implications of the effects of CO on ion channels should also be intensively investigated to elucidate the pathological role of abnormal CO metabolism and function.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.008 | 0.005 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".