Trees of the people: the growing science of poplars in Canada and worldwide1
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Poplars are trees of the angiosperm genus Populus, a group of generally diploid, dioecious, and deciduous pioneers that are widespread in forests around the Northern Hemisphere. Canada is a centre of poplar abundance and diversity, with 7 of the 29 global Populus species occurring naturally, and other species being introduced. Numerous interspecific hybrids also occur, including native hybrids that create centres of biodiversity, and artificial hybrid poplars that are planted for wood and fiber production, as well as for environmental and landscape applications. This paper introduces poplars and their distribution across Canada and explores Canadian and international contributions to poplar research. It also discusses papers of the special issue Poplar Research in Canada in the November 2007 and December 2007 issues of the Canadian Journal of Botany, which contains a collection of 19 contributions from Canadian institutions that report on a diverse range of topics including genomics and molecular biology, physiology, ecology, population genetics, and systematics. Many of these contributions address issues pertinent to silviculture and other applications, and one article chronicles poplar research and poplar utilization in Canada. These studies that appear in this special issue reflect the growing international emphasis on poplar, not only as an important and widespread group of trees, but also as a model that provides broader insights relevant to fundamental and applied sciences involving trees and forest systems. Resume : Les peupliers sont des arbres angiospermes du genre Populus, un groupe d’essences pionnieres generalement diploides, dioiques, et decidues, largement distribuees tout autour de l’hemisphere nord. L’abondance et la diversite des peupliers sont notoires au Canada, avec une presence naturelle de 7 des 29 especes globales de Populus, ainsi que d’autres especes introduites. On observe de nombreux hybrides interspecifiques, incluant des hybrides indigenes constituant des centres de biodiversite, et des hybrides de peupliers artificiels que l’on plante pour la production de bois et de fibre, ainsi que pour des fins environnementales et paysagistes. Cette publication constitue une introduction aux peupliers et leur distribution au Canada, et explore les contributions canadiennes et internationales a la recherche sur les peupliers. Elle constitue egalement une introduction au numero special du Journal canadien de botanique, publie en deux parties (novembre et decembre 2007), comportant un ensemble de 17 contributions provenant de laboratoires canadiens. Celles-ci decrivent de nouvelles decouvertes et proposent des revues sur un ensemble de sujets divers incluant la genomique, la biologie moleculaire, la physiologie, l’ecologie, la genetique des populations et la systematique. Plusieurs de ces contributions portent sur des sujets pertinents a la sylviculture et autres applications, un article faisant etat de la recherche et de l’utilisation des peupliers au Canada. Les travaux presentes dans ce numero special refletent l’importance croissante accordee internationalement au peuplier, non seulement comme groupe d’arbres importants et largement distribues, mais aussi comme modele fournissant une large vision pertinente aux sciences fondamentales et appliquees, impliquant les arbres et les systemes for-
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.005 | 0.016 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.007 | 0.004 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.006 | 0.004 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.013 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".