The “treason of the intellectuals”: globalization as the big excuse for France's economic and social problems
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The whole aim of practical politics is to keep the populace alarmed (and hence clamorous to be led to safety) by menacing it with an endless series of hobgoblins, all of them imaginary. H. L. Mencken A few years ago, it was Europe that was being presented negatively by a large part of the French political elite: the euro was going to destroy jobs, and the loss of sovereignty would be terrible for the French economy. All of this was false. Today, we are looking for another devil – one who now has the face of globalization. Denis Kessler, the vice-president of the French employers' association (MEDEF), 2000. The French are trapped in the illusion that they are in no way responsible for their problems. Neither in the general nor in the particular. Responsibility is hell, therefore it is other people. The scapegoats have been refashioned over the years: Les “gros,” les “patrons” [the wealthy, bosses], les “puissances d'argent,” le “capitalisme”, “les Boches” [Germans] and “les deux cents familles” have given way to “globalization,” Maastricht Europe [the city where the EMU and the euro were agreed upon], to “elites.” Journalist François de Closets, in Le Compte à rebours (The Countdown) (1998). Since the 1960s, social politics in France has been colored by much more than the traditional class debate. Solidaristic overstretch dates back to the Right's time in power during the 1960s and 1970s.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.003 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.006 | 0.018 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.010 | 0.007 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Research integrity | 0.004 | 0.004 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.005 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".