Why this work is in the frame
A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
QUESTION: Is carotid endarterectomy (CEA) an effective and safe treatment for the prevention of stroke among patients with >60% internal carotid artery stenosis who had no neurologic symptoms in the previous 6 months. POPULATION: Men and women with severe (>60%) unilateral or bilateral carotid artery stenosis not associated with neurologic symptoms in the past 6 months, where both doctor and patient were uncertain whether to choose or to defer immediate CEA. DESIGN AND METHODS: During 1993-2003, 3120 asymptomatic patients with >60% carotid stenosis were randomized equally to immediate CEA versus indefinite deferral of CEA, and were followed for up to 5 years. The primary end point was risk of stroke or death at 5 years. Analysis was by intention to treat. The treatment of patients with antiplatelet agents, antihypertensive and lipid-lowering therapies was left to the discretion of the clinician. RESULTS: Among patients randomized to immediate CEA (50% had CEA by 1 month, 88% by 1 year) versus deferred, the incidence of stroke or death at 5 years was 6.4% versus 11.8% (95% CI: 3.0-7.7, p < 0.0001); 3.5% versus 6.1% for fatal or disabling strokes (95% CI: 0.8-4.3, p = 0.004), and 2.1% versus 4.2% for fatal strokes (95% CI: 0.6-3.6, p = 0.006). The perioperative stroke incidence was marginally higher in the delayed group versus the immediate group (4.5% versus 2.8%) and overall the risk per CEA of perioperative stroke or death was 3.1%. After excluding the perioperative events from the analysis, the 5-year stroke risks were 3.8% versus 11% (95% CI: 5.0-9.4], p < 0.0001). Surgery primarily prevented carotid territory ischemic strokes (2.7% vs 9.5%; gain 6.8% [4.8-8.8], p < 0.0001). The impact of immediate surgery was consistent in all age groups, among men and women, and across the spectrum of carotid stenosis (i.e. 70%, 80% and 90% carotid stenosis). CONCLUSION: In asymptomatic patients younger than 75 years of age with carotid stenosis of 70% or more on ultrasound, immediate CEA reduces the 5-year incidence of stroke and death.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.003 | 0.003 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.010 | 0.002 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it