Being Romundina stellina Ørvig, 1975 (Vertebrate, Placodermi, Acanthothoraci) : itracranial anatomy of one of the deepest gnathostomes revealed by synchrotron tomograpy in phase contrast protocole
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Dans la peau de Romundina stellina Orvig, 1975 (Vertebrata, Placodermi, Acanthothoraci)Anatomie crânienne d'un des premiers gnathostomes revelee par tomographie synchrotron en contraste de phase Being Romundina stellina Orvig, 1975 (Vertebrata, Placodermi, Acanthothoraci)Intracranial anatomy of one of the deepest gnathostomes revealed by synchrotron tomography in phase contrast protocole The acanthothoracid placoderms (armored fishes) are the most basal and primitive gnathostomes (jawed vertebrates; 1). However, their endocranial morphology is poorly understood, and only one genus (Brindabellaspis) has been described thoroughly (2).Here we present the 3D reconstruction of a subcomplete skull of Romundina stellina Orvig, 3, from the Lochkovian of Prince of Wales Island, Canadian Arctic Archipelago. The specimen was imaged in 3D with propagation phase contrast microtomography (4) on the ID19 beamline of the ESRF, using a 7.45 µm isotropic voxel size.Most features are properly preserved and most of the missing structures can be virtually rebuilt by symmetry. Another advantage of this virtual approach is the possibility of connecting with certainty all the external foramina to the blood and nerve canals and the central/internal structures, and hence to identify accurate homologies without destroying the specimen. Orvig’s original assumptions can now be checked with confidence.The vasculature of the dermal bones, rendered in detail, allowed a better understanding of plate growth. It permits the visualization of dermal bone establishment over perichondral bone (5).The high level of details of this model reveals that between the trigeminal and vagus nerve (and the inner ears), the perichondral bone wrapping the endocranial cavity shows a “lace” pattern, unknown so far in vertebrates (presumably because of the lack of data). The significance of this character is unclear, but it is definitely not an artifact of taphonomy or scanning. References1 Janvier, P. Early Vertebrates. Clarendon Press edn, Vol. 1 (Oxford Science Publications, 1996).2 Young, G. C. A new Early Devonian placoderm from New South Wales, Australia, with a discussion of placoderm phylogeny. Palaeontographica (A) 167, 10–76 (1980).3 Orvig, T. Description, with special reference to the dermal skeleton, of a new Radotinid arthrodire from the Gedinnian of Arctic Canada. Extrait des Colloques internationaux du Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - Problemes actuels de Paleontologie - Evolution des Vertebres 218, 41–71 (1975).4 Tafforeau, P. et al. Applications of X-ray synchrotron microtomography for non-destructive 3D studies of paleontological specimens. Applied Physics A - Materials Science & Processing 83, 195–202 (2006).5 Dupret, V., Sanchez, S., Goujet, D., Tafforeau, P. & Ahlberg, P. Bone vascularization and growth in placoderms (Vertebrata): the example of the premedian plate of Romundina stellina Orvig, 1975 Comptes Rendus Palevol 9, 369–375 (2010).
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".