10.1016/0967-0653(95)99873-p
Notice bibliographique
Résumé
Geological and geomorphological studies in Kaffioyra and Hermansenoya (Oscar II Land, northwestern Spitsbergen), completed with radiocarbon datings, indicated that the Early Vistulian (Weichselian) Glaciation of presumable regional significance, occupied the whole area. Marine transgression during and after deglaciation reached at least to 65 m a.s.l. Glacioisostatic uplift and marine regression in Kaffioyra resulted in development of older raised beaches at 52-65 m a.s.l. During the Late Vistulian, Kaffioyra was occupied partly by outlet gla ciers (Aavatsmark, Elise and Andreas), while the Dahl Glacier covered Hermansenoya. Extents of these glaciers were much greater than during the Little Ice Age. Marine transgression during deglaciation reached to 46-48 m a.s.l. at about 12-11.5 ka B.P. During glacioisostatic emergence at 11.5-9 ka B.P., ten younger raised marine beaches were formed in Kaffioyra. Traces of a pro bable glacial episode at 3-2.5 ka B.P. were noted in forefields of the Aavatsmark and the Elise glaciers only. In forefields of all glaciers in Kaffioyra there are deposits and landforms formed during glacial advances of the Little Ice Age and the following continuous retreat. The Aavatsmark Glacier was the only one to indicate surge type readvances at that time. K e y w o r d s : Arctic, Spitsbergen, Kaffioyra, Quaternary, glaciations, marine transgressions. In spite of considerable research a number and extents of glacial episodes, as well as of marine transgressions during and after deglaciation of fiords and strandflats in northwestern Spitsbergen during the Vistulian (Weichselian) and the Holocene are still controversial. It results also from the fact that no landforms represent older glacial episodes, whereas deposits from these episodes are very scarce. Only glacial landforms and sediments of the Little Ice Age and the 244 Glacial and marine episodes in Kaffioyra deglaciation since the end of the 19th century are very clear and well preserved. Sediments of older marine transgressions and regressions are also relatively poor. In some fiords and strandflats there are, however comparatively well preserved, raised marine beaches and terraces, but their number and age are also an object of much controversy. The first, more thorough geomorphological studies in Kaffioyra were carried out in 1938 by Klimaszewski (1960). Since 1975 large-scale physico-geographical studies have been conducted in Kaffioyra and its surroundings by the Torun polar expeditions, organized mainly by the Institute of Geography, Nicholas Coperni cus University (so far there have been 8 expeditions). During the 3rd Torun Polar Expedition in 1978 and the 7th one in 1985, the authors (W. Niewiarowski and M. Sinkiewicz) carried out detailed geomorphological mapping of Kaffioyra and its surroundings. Geomorphological mapping was based on Norwegian air pho tos of 1966 and 1969 in scale of 1:54,000 and 1:20,000 respectively. It was su pplemented with maps of glaciers and their forefields in scale of 1:5,000 of the Elise (Zapolski 1977) and Waldemar (Lankauf 1982) glaciers, and with geode tic measurements in Kaffioyra (mainly by K.R. Lankauf who also established glacial snouts in 1985 or 1989). All these studies resulted in a detailed geomor phological map in scale of about 1:30,000. During field works, data on the Qua ternary deposits and samples with organic matter and marine mollusc shells were also collected. The samples were submitted to radiocarbon dating in the Radio carbon Laboratory of the Silesian Technical University in Gliwice. Some sam ples of marine molluscs, collected in 1975 by J. Szupryczynski in this region, have been also dated in the same laboratory previously (Goslar and Pazdur 1985a). The present coast of Kaffioyra was described by Niewiarowski and Myzyk (1983), while new information on the pre-Quaternary bedrock in Kaffioyra are to be found in Wojcik (1982).
Récupéré en direct depuis OpenAlex et désinversé. Les résumés ne sont pas conservés dans cette base de données : les index inversés représentent 8,6 Go des 9,3 Go de texte de la base, et le serveur dispose de 13 Go libres.
Comment cette classification a été obtenuedéplier
Prédiction machine sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Le volet Gemma est une étiquette directe du modèle pour chaque travail de la base, lue sur la notice réduite au titre. Le volet Codex est un classifieur appris des 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et calibré sur les taux pondérés de l'échantillon; les champs sans appui suffisant ne portent aucun appel Codex. Le mode candidate est l'union des deux volets; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont pas des étiquettes humaines.
Scores du classifieur distillé par catégorie (deux têtes)
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,002 | 0,002 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,005 | 0,002 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,003 | 0,002 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,004 | 0,003 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,003 | 0,003 |
| Communication savante | 0,005 | 0,009 |
| Science ouverte | 0,005 | 0,005 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,009 | 0,004 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,992 | 0,994 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; l’étiquette directe de Gemma et le classifieur distillé Codex s’accordent sur ce qui est montré ici.
Le détail, modèle par modèle et score par score, se trouve en fin de page sous « Comment cette classification a été obtenue ».