Безопасность человека в современной теории и практике международных отношений

This article examines new approaches to the study of international security, focuses on the concept of human security. It considers the basic premise of international relations at the end of the twentieth century, which initiated the transition from traditional concepts of security to search for new interpretations, where the emphasis is made on human security. The emergence of the human factor in international security is a response to the transformation of the global system, internationalisation, greater involvement of people in international life, the emergence of new actors in international relations. The concept of human security was first developed in the west and today successfully took place in an alternative approach to resolve new security challenges. Active development of human security has begun with the publication of the Human Development Report in 1990. However, its origins can be traced to Canada, and Norway's cooperation in the UN peacekeeping operations in 1960. Since 1990, there is a gradual expansion of subjects of reports from human rights to global environmental problems. Two main directions in the study of human security are extracted in the article. The first area is based on the theory and practice of the UN Development Programme, which includes the development model and the model of human security. The second trend represents interventionist approach, in which the basic idea is the domination of human security over state sovereignty. We can put into this direction humanitarian intervention and post-conflict peace building. The concept of human security received practical application in real politics. Canada, Norway and Japan are among the first to include the concept of human security in their foreign policies. The concept of human security differs from traditional concepts of security, where the main object of analysis is the state. Instead, citizens and their economic and social relationships become the focus of human security policy. Also this concept eclectic model of security and development leads to a redistribution of funds from military purposes to development. However, it should be noted that human security is not a substitute for national security, but are complementary concepts. The concept of human security is not formulated until the end. Rather, one can observe a variety of interpretations; the common idea is that the object of protection should be an individual or a people, not institutions, territory or sovereignty. In the future, the concept could easily be developed into a useful tool for practical policy analysis that allows you to ensure the creation of conditions for realization, both individual and state ones.

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