Безопасность человека в современной теории и практике международных отношений
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This article examines new approaches to the study of international security, focuses on the concept of human security. It considers the basic premise of international relations at the end of the twentieth century, which initiated the transition from traditional concepts of security to search for new interpretations, where the emphasis is made on human security. The emergence of the human factor in international security is a response to the transformation of the global system, internationalisation, greater involvement of people in international life, the emergence of new actors in international relations. The concept of human security was first developed in the west and today successfully took place in an alternative approach to resolve new security challenges. Active development of human security has begun with the publication of the Human Development Report in 1990. However, its origins can be traced to Canada, and Norway's cooperation in the UN peacekeeping operations in 1960. Since 1990, there is a gradual expansion of subjects of reports from human rights to global environmental problems. Two main directions in the study of human security are extracted in the article. The first area is based on the theory and practice of the UN Development Programme, which includes the development model and the model of human security. The second trend represents interventionist approach, in which the basic idea is the domination of human security over state sovereignty. We can put into this direction humanitarian intervention and post-conflict peace building. The concept of human security received practical application in real politics. Canada, Norway and Japan are among the first to include the concept of human security in their foreign policies. The concept of human security differs from traditional concepts of security, where the main object of analysis is the state. Instead, citizens and their economic and social relationships become the focus of human security policy. Also this concept eclectic model of security and development leads to a redistribution of funds from military purposes to development. However, it should be noted that human security is not a substitute for national security, but are complementary concepts. The concept of human security is not formulated until the end. Rather, one can observe a variety of interpretations; the common idea is that the object of protection should be an individual or a people, not institutions, territory or sovereignty. In the future, the concept could easily be developed into a useful tool for practical policy analysis that allows you to ensure the creation of conditions for realization, both individual and state ones.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.004 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.004 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.005 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.014 | 0.007 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".