Notice bibliographique
Résumé
In the late 1980s, Uganda was widely viewed as the country most affected by HIV/AIDS in the world. By 1989, all districts of Uganda were affected with a rural infection rate approaching 18 percent and an urban rate of 30 percent. The Ugandan government’s response chose to focus primarily on reforming sexual behaviour, despite evidence pointing to deficient medical practices as a primary cause of the AIDS outbreak. This paper uses the theory of ‘causal stories’, developed by Deborah Stone, to explain how political issues are framed and policy responses formed. More specifically, it will explain that the story of “sexual promiscuity” closely aligned with pre-existing societal values and reinforced existing political structures. In contrast, the story of “institutional health care failure” would lead to a loss of public support for the government. This paper argues that there are several reasons why the causal story of sexual promiscuity was more successful than the causal story of institutional failure. First, it was supported by pre-existing programs and cultural values of international, religious and political groups. Second, international donors were also important factors in the creation of Uganda’s AIDS policies. More than 70 percent of Uganda’s funding comes from international sources, and foreign NGOs delivered a substantial amount of Uganda’s health care. Accordingly, Uganda was hesitant to focus on deficient medical practices as a primary cause for the spread of AIDS as it could possibly lead to public discontent on foreign sources and jeopardizing foreign funding. Third, the causal story of sexual promiscuity helped protect the existing political order. This causal story strategically blamed HIV/AIDS’ victims for their immoral sexual behaviour rather than governmental health policies for the misuse of needles and syringes. Last, the argument of sexual promiscuity was supported by the scientific community by conducting studies which focused only on high-risk populations and by not focusing on hospitals as a source for transmission. As a result, government officials initiated an aggressive nationwide campaign to prevent the spread of AIDS. This campaign argued that the AIDS epidemic in Uganda was caused by grossly promiscuous sexual activity. The dominant message of early HIV/AIDS prevention campaigns encouraged individuals to be faithful to their partner and to have ‘zero-grazing’ behavior. Overall, Uganda’s abstinence and faithfulness campaign launched in 1987 promoted behavioural change by encouraging young people to delay the initiation of sex and urged sexually active adults to reduce their number of sexual partners.
Récupéré en direct depuis OpenAlex et désinversé. Les résumés ne sont pas conservés dans cette base de données : les index inversés représentent 8,6 Go des 9,3 Go de texte de la base, et le serveur dispose de 13 Go libres.
Comment cette classification a été obtenuedéplier
Prédiction machine sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Le volet Gemma est une étiquette directe du modèle pour chaque travail de la base, lue sur la notice réduite au titre. Le volet Codex est un classifieur appris des 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et calibré sur les taux pondérés de l'échantillon; les champs sans appui suffisant ne portent aucun appel Codex. Le mode candidate est l'union des deux volets; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont pas des étiquettes humaines.
Scores du classifieur distillé par catégorie (deux têtes)
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,004 | 0,009 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,001 | 0,001 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,001 | 0,000 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,002 | 0,002 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,008 | 0,010 |
| Communication savante | 0,008 | 0,010 |
| Science ouverte | 0,001 | 0,016 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,009 | 0,007 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,010 | 0,001 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; un appel candidat d’une seule source (Gemma direct ou Codex distillé), pas un consensus.
Le détail, modèle par modèle et score par score, se trouve en fin de page sous « Comment cette classification a été obtenue ».