From Permissible to Wholesome: Situating Halal Organic Farms within the Sustainability Discourse
Notice bibliographique
Résumé
During past two decades, in wake of dire predictions by late twentieth century environmentalists of futures not worth having (1) caused by human-induced climate change, discourse of has offered hope and energy for action. E. F. Schumacher's 1973 work Small is Beautiful has proved particularly inspiring for movement; indeed, Chris Turner wrote in 2007 that almost anywhere I found on my cartographic travels, I was looking at homage to Schumacher. (2) However, authors such as Donald Worster and Albert Bartlett have expressed reservations about oxymoronic nature of sustainable growth. (3) Worster suggests that ambiguity of has potential to be treacherous, as mainstream organizations employ magic word of consensus to 'greenwash' their companies, while assuming that sustainability can be achieved with institutions of capitalism, socialism, and industrialism and their values intact. (4) Schumacher's status within movement emerges from his clear articulation of foundational pitfalls of discursive assumptions of progressive Among other aspects, Schumacher argued that in order to live sustainably, it is necessary to reject an attitude to which seeks fulfillment in single-minded pursuit of wealth--in short, materialism. Such a mode of being contains within itself no limiting principle, while environment in which it is placed is strictly limited and therefore it does not fit into this world. (5) Furthermore, a lifestyle designed for permanence, according to Schumacher, must be guided by wisdom rather than human cleverness, and be centered on and moral truth. (6) Wisdom, Schumacher wrote, demands a new orientation of science and technology towards organic, gentle, non-violent, elegant and beautiful. (7) He suggested that sound economics, social justice, and ecological integrity could result from following wisdom based of Christianity, Islam, Judaism, or any other of great Eastern traditions. As example, Schumacher replaces the meta-economic basis of western materialism with teachings of Buddhism, to show how definitions of economic and uneconomic are fundamentally discursive. (8) To a certain extent, necessitates a spiritual view of world, or at least opens a space for non-materialistic perspectives. Halal organic food production exemplifies convergence of multiple motivations. For people whose life and worldview ... have been steeped in Islamic tradition, solutions to modern environmental crises cannot be secular concerns. (9) This eco-halal revolution (10) is spearheaded by initiatives such as Norwich Meadows Farm in upstate New York, (11) Willowbrook Farm near Oxford, UK, (12) Abraham Natural Produce in Somerset, UK, (13) Whole Earth Meats near Chicago, (14) Green Zabiha in Virginia, (15) Nature's Bounty in California, (16) and BlossomPure Organic in Toronto, (17) which are run by Muslims who strive towards by integrating religious values with ecological goals. Some of these organizations emphasize dual organic and halal foci on their websites, while others cater to broader organic market. An outstanding 2008 article about Norwich Meadows Farm in food journal Gastronomica describes how this integration of halal and organic enables faith-based approaches to agriculture to become extended form of religious practice. (18) Two main modes of interpreting religious feature prominently in environmentalist literature. The first emerges from a secular worldview, which tends to evaluate religion based on contemporary scientific principles. For example, in a study of impact of education in inculcating ecocentric/ecological or anthropocentric/spiritual conceptions of nature, sociologist Gabriel Ignatow has argued that the public adoption of ecological worldview is predicated on modern, secular, Western-style mass education. …
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Comment cette classification a été obtenuedéplier
Prédiction machine sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Le volet Gemma est une étiquette directe du modèle pour chaque travail de la base, lue sur la notice réduite au titre. Le volet Codex est un classifieur appris des 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et calibré sur les taux pondérés de l'échantillon; les champs sans appui suffisant ne portent aucun appel Codex. Le mode candidate est l'union des deux volets; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont pas des étiquettes humaines.
Scores du classifieur distillé par catégorie (deux têtes)
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,007 | 0,005 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,002 | 0,002 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,015 | 0,054 |
| Communication savante | 0,015 | 0,010 |
| Science ouverte | 0,002 | 0,013 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,003 | 0,004 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,004 | 0,000 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; un appel candidat d’une seule source (Gemma direct ou Codex distillé), pas un consensus.
Le détail, modèle par modèle et score par score, se trouve en fin de page sous « Comment cette classification a été obtenue ».