From Permissible to Wholesome: Situating Halal Organic Farms within the Sustainability Discourse
Bibliographic record
Abstract
During past two decades, in wake of dire predictions by late twentieth century environmentalists of futures not worth having (1) caused by human-induced climate change, discourse of has offered hope and energy for action. E. F. Schumacher's 1973 work Small is Beautiful has proved particularly inspiring for movement; indeed, Chris Turner wrote in 2007 that almost anywhere I found on my cartographic travels, I was looking at homage to Schumacher. (2) However, authors such as Donald Worster and Albert Bartlett have expressed reservations about oxymoronic nature of sustainable growth. (3) Worster suggests that ambiguity of has potential to be treacherous, as mainstream organizations employ magic word of consensus to 'greenwash' their companies, while assuming that sustainability can be achieved with institutions of capitalism, socialism, and industrialism and their values intact. (4) Schumacher's status within movement emerges from his clear articulation of foundational pitfalls of discursive assumptions of progressive Among other aspects, Schumacher argued that in order to live sustainably, it is necessary to reject an attitude to which seeks fulfillment in single-minded pursuit of wealth--in short, materialism. Such a mode of being contains within itself no limiting principle, while environment in which it is placed is strictly limited and therefore it does not fit into this world. (5) Furthermore, a lifestyle designed for permanence, according to Schumacher, must be guided by wisdom rather than human cleverness, and be centered on and moral truth. (6) Wisdom, Schumacher wrote, demands a new orientation of science and technology towards organic, gentle, non-violent, elegant and beautiful. (7) He suggested that sound economics, social justice, and ecological integrity could result from following wisdom based of Christianity, Islam, Judaism, or any other of great Eastern traditions. As example, Schumacher replaces the meta-economic basis of western materialism with teachings of Buddhism, to show how definitions of economic and uneconomic are fundamentally discursive. (8) To a certain extent, necessitates a spiritual view of world, or at least opens a space for non-materialistic perspectives. Halal organic food production exemplifies convergence of multiple motivations. For people whose life and worldview ... have been steeped in Islamic tradition, solutions to modern environmental crises cannot be secular concerns. (9) This eco-halal revolution (10) is spearheaded by initiatives such as Norwich Meadows Farm in upstate New York, (11) Willowbrook Farm near Oxford, UK, (12) Abraham Natural Produce in Somerset, UK, (13) Whole Earth Meats near Chicago, (14) Green Zabiha in Virginia, (15) Nature's Bounty in California, (16) and BlossomPure Organic in Toronto, (17) which are run by Muslims who strive towards by integrating religious values with ecological goals. Some of these organizations emphasize dual organic and halal foci on their websites, while others cater to broader organic market. An outstanding 2008 article about Norwich Meadows Farm in food journal Gastronomica describes how this integration of halal and organic enables faith-based approaches to agriculture to become extended form of religious practice. (18) Two main modes of interpreting religious feature prominently in environmentalist literature. The first emerges from a secular worldview, which tends to evaluate religion based on contemporary scientific principles. For example, in a study of impact of education in inculcating ecocentric/ecological or anthropocentric/spiritual conceptions of nature, sociologist Gabriel Ignatow has argued that the public adoption of ecological worldview is predicated on modern, secular, Western-style mass education. …
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.003 | 0.005 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".