The effects of trade liberalisation on the Australian pig industry
Notice bibliographique
Résumé
nnnnn In 1990 the Australian Government relaxed restrictions on the import of pigmeat, particularly from Canada. In response to declining producer prices and their consequent effect on profitability, the Australian pig industry raised concerns with the Australian Government that the decline in producer price was due to lower priced imports from Canada and this was seriously injuring the industry. In 1998 the Australian Government asked the Productivity Commission to form an inquiry to investigate whether WTO Safeguard Action against imports was warranted. The Commission found that imports were seriously injuring the industry but, in the interests of promoting structural adjustment, a WTO Safeguard tariff-quota regime was not justified.nnnnn This thesis reviews the evidence presented to the Productivity Commission Inquiry and attempts to identify the factors affecting changes in the market equilibrium of the pig industry in Australia. More importantly, this thesis presents an industrial organisation view of the Australian pig industry that highlights the role of imperfect competition, factor market distortions and scale economies.nnnnn The results in this thesis suggest that prior to 1990 pig producer prices were relatively stable and producers could be confident of being able to predict market movements. After 1990 there is a structural break which induced volatility in pig producer prices, not only making producer decisions more difficult, but removing any long-run equilibrium relationship. Unlike other studies, this thesis has found a statistically significant relationship between import volumes and import prices and domestic production and domestic prices at all levels of the marketing chain. The results indicate that import volumes and prices depress producer and retail prices. Producer prices seem to be more affected than retail prices, indicative of an asymmetric price transmission effect. The increase in the marketing margin and the associated exertion of market power suggests that the benefits of trade liberalisation have been captured by one particular interest group and not spread throughout the economy.nnnnn The results of this thesis have implications for industrial and trade policy, in that the presence of imperfect competition, factor market distortions and scale economies induce violations of the gains-from-trade theorem underlying Walrasian general equilibrium trade models. The lack of stability in the market equilibrium has implications for microeconomic reform in that policy recommendations which rely on either the Stolper Samuelson or Rybczynski theorems should be viewed with caution.
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Prédiction distillée sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Apprise à partir de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Gemma. Le mode candidate est l'union des têtes enseignantes seuillées; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont ni des étiquettes humaines ni des étiquettes directes de modèles de pointe.
Scores Codex et Gemma par catégorie
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Communication savante | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Science ouverte | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; un appel candidat d’une seule tête enseignante, pas un consensus.
Le détail, modèle par modèle et score par score, se trouve en fin de page sous « Comment cette classification a été obtenue ».