Notice bibliographique
Résumé
The first description of the uterotonic action of pituitary extracts was first described by Sir Henry Dale in 1906(Dale, 1906).A few years later, Ott and Scott demonstrated that besides the effect on uterine activity, posterior pituitary extracts also promoted milk ejection (Ott & Scott, 1910).These are the 2 principal activities of oxytocin (OT), the structure and synthesis of which were not elucidated until 50 years later by Du Vigneaud and co-workers (Du Vigneaud, 1956).OT is mainly produced in the paraventricular nucleus and supraoptic nucleus of the hypothalamus, and released from hypothalamic nerve terminals of the posterior pituitary, where it is stored, into the bloodstreem.OT differs, by only two amino acids, from vasopressin (AVP), which is also produced in these nuclei and stored in the posterior pituitary.It was previously believed that OT as well as AVP were exclusively released from the neurohypophysis although Ott and Scott (Ott & Scott, 1910) reported that the extracts of other tissues such as the corpus luteum, pineal and thymus glands have the same milk-ejecting properties.Early studies associated OT with cardiovascular system Paton and Watson first described the blood pressure (BP) depressor response to posterior pituitary extract in avians (Paton & Watson, 1912).Hogben & Schlapp confirmed their findings and showed the effect of whole posterior pituitary extracts in amphibians and reptiles (Hogben & Schlapp, 1924).Furthermore, this effect was evoked by histamine-free extracts and was therefore a pituitary action.When separated fractions of posterior pituitary extracts obtained by fractional precipitation became available, Gaddum showed that the depressor response was attributable to the only one fraction, called oxytocin, which had oxytocic properties (Gaddum, 1928).These observations were completely overlooked.However, recent studies have shown that OT is an ubiquitous hormone, synthesized at many locis, and a wide array of physiological activities has been attributed to this peptide.Similar numbers of oxytocinergic neurons have been found in the male and female hypothalamus, and the same stimuli induce OT release in both genders, suggesting other physiological functions that its role in female reproduction.In fact, OT receptors (OTR) are also widely expressed in diverse tissues such as the pituitary, kidney, ovary, testis, thymus, heart, vascular endothelium, osteoclasts, myoblasts, pancreatic islets, adipocytes and several types of cancer cells (Gimpl & Fahrenholz, 2001).OT elicits a variety of physiological responses such as complex sexual and maternal behavior.Indeed, OT is also involved in www.intechopen.com
Récupéré en direct depuis OpenAlex et désinversé. Les résumés ne sont pas conservés dans cette base de données : les index inversés représentent 8,6 Go des 9,3 Go de texte de la base, et le serveur dispose de 13 Go libres.
Comment cette classification a été obtenuedéplier
Prédiction machine sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Le volet Gemma est une étiquette directe du modèle pour chaque travail de la base, lue sur la notice réduite au titre. Le volet Codex est un classifieur appris des 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et calibré sur les taux pondérés de l'échantillon; les champs sans appui suffisant ne portent aucun appel Codex. Le mode candidate est l'union des deux volets; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont pas des étiquettes humaines.
Scores du classifieur distillé par catégorie (deux têtes)
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Communication savante | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Science ouverte | 0,000 | 0,001 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,003 | 0,000 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; un appel candidat d’une seule source (Gemma direct ou Codex distillé), pas un consensus.
Le détail, modèle par modèle et score par score, se trouve en fin de page sous « Comment cette classification a été obtenue ».