Bibliographic record
Abstract
The first description of the uterotonic action of pituitary extracts was first described by Sir Henry A few years later, Ott and Scott demonstrated that besides the effect on uterine activity, posterior pituitary extracts also promoted milk ejection These are the 2 principal activities of oxytocin (OT), the structure and synthesis of which were not elucidated until 50 years later by Du Vigneaud and co-workers OT is mainly produced in the paraventricular nucleus and supraoptic nucleus of the hypothalamus, and released from hypothalamic nerve terminals of the posterior pituitary, where it is stored, into the bloodstreem. OT differs, by only two amino acids, from vasopressin (AVP), which is also produced in these nuclei and stored in the posterior pituitary. It was previously believed that OT as well as AVP were exclusively released from the neurohypophysis although Early studies associated OT with cardiovascular system Paton and Watson first described the blood pressure (BP) depressor response to posterior pituitary extract in avians Hogben & Schlapp confirmed their findings and showed the effect of whole posterior pituitary extracts in amphibians and reptiles (Hogben & Schlapp, 1924). Furthermore, this effect was evoked by histamine-free extracts and was therefore a pituitary action. When separated fractions of posterior pituitary extracts obtained by fractional precipitation became available, Gaddum showed that the depressor response was attributable to the only one fraction, called oxytocin, which had oxytocic properties These observations were completely overlooked. However, recent studies have shown that OT is an ubiquitous hormone, synthesized at many locis, and a wide array of physiological activities has been attributed to this peptide. Similar numbers of oxytocinergic neurons have been found in the male and female hypothalamus, and the same stimuli induce OT release in both genders, suggesting other physiological functions that its role in female reproduction. In fact, OT receptors (OTR) are also widely expressed in diverse tissues such as the pituitary, kidney, ovary, testis, thymus, heart, vascular endothelium, osteoclasts, myoblasts, pancreatic islets, adipocytes and several types of cancer cells OT elicits a variety of physiological responses such as complex sexual and maternal behavior. Indeed, OT is also involved in www.intechopen.com
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.009 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; both teacher heads agree on what is shown here.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".