Investigating private railroad operations and the locomotive issue
Notice bibliographique
Résumé
INTRODUCTION Private, industrial or in-plant rail operations are seldom explored and little researched practice that, nevertheless, play major role the movement of freight worldwide. Additionally, with changes the railroad industry, the issue of how to power these private railroads has become major issue for the system owners. Transportation textbooks seldom cover the practice, and if they do, generally state that private rail operations are not commonly used. For example, one text states that private rail transportation basically means that the user buys or leases railcars, provides rail tracks on the property, and some limited cases, provides switching within the plant (Coyle, Bardi, and Novack, 2000), with later editions not even discussing the practice. However, research into the shows that just as with the motor carrier industry, where private fleets comprise the largest segment of the trucking industry (National Private Truck Council), private railroads greatly outnumber common carrier railroads. According to the Association of American Railroads, there are more than 600 freight railroads operating today Canada, Mexico, and the United States, forming seamless integrated system across North America accounting for more than 40 percent of all freight transportation (2009). However, what is not clearly recognized is that all of these shipments start and end at tens of thousands of individual locations. In the United States alone, The Comprehensive Guide To Industrial Locomotives (Reed, 2002) lists more than 2000 private rail operations using more than 3500 full-sized railroad locomotives. Canada, according to the Canadian Trackside Guide (Roberts and Stremes, 2005), has almost 250 private rail operations using nearly 600 fullsized railroad locomotives. In addition to these numbers, manufacturers of other rail switching devices such as mobile railcar movers list thousands more private rail operations among the tens of thousands of origins and destinations of rail shipments. A search of the Internet using several search engines, as well as number of academic data bases, reveals little about private rail operations. Several encyclopedia-type websites such as Wikipedia and NationMaster have very similar definitions for private or industrial railroads. For example, NationMaster.com (2009) states that an industrial railroad is a type of private railway used exclusively to serve particular industry inside mine or factory compound. Both website go on to give examples of such railroad. The industrial railroad example provided by NationMaster transport say clay from quarry to an interchange point with main line railway, where it would be transported to its final destination. The line would be owned and operated by the quarry company, and would exist solely to serve the quarry. The definition goes on to state that most industrial railways are short, usually being only few kilometres long, but there are notable exceptions--examples of which include the iron ore-carrying railways Western Australia which are hundreds of kilometres length and exist to transport iron ore from the inland to the coast. BACKGROUND Limited academic research exists on the benefits of private rail operations, particularly for North American operations. However, some recent research has been conducted on private in-plant rail operations Europe. Lubbecke and Zimmermann (2003) stated that in order to maintain timely around-the-clock production process it is often opportune or indispensable to operate private industrial railroad. Since paper by Charnes & Miller (in 1956), apparently no attention the operations research literature has been drawn on in-plant railroads. However, ongoing privatization and market deregulations the railroad sector force these railroads to offer better transportation quality, and to decrease charges. Industry experts North America agree that private rail operations are often essential and exist due to industrial demand. …
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Prédiction distillée sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Apprise à partir de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Gemma. Le mode candidate est l'union des têtes enseignantes seuillées; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont ni des étiquettes humaines ni des étiquettes directes de modèles de pointe.
Scores Codex et Gemma par catégorie
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Communication savante | 0,000 | 0,001 |
| Science ouverte | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; un appel candidat d’une seule tête enseignante, pas un consensus.
Le détail, modèle par modèle et score par score, se trouve en fin de page sous « Comment cette classification a été obtenue ».