Spatio-Temporal Ecology And Biology Of Listronotus Maculicollis Kirby (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) In New York Golf Gourses
Notice bibliographique
Résumé
Listronotus maculicollis Kirby (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) is a serious pest of golf course turf in the northeastern United States and eastern Canadian provinces. To enhance current management strategies and to introduce novel management approaches, phenological, ecological and physiological characteristics of L. maculicollis were investigated. A three-parameter nonlinear logistic model, using 7.2 ˚C as a lower developmental threshold, was fitted to field-collected data of different developmental stages of two beetle populations from golf courses in New York and described their population accumulation patterns as a function of the degree-day accumulation within ± 7 days. The best models were further tested in a validation study encompassing sites that represented geographic/climatic ranges where L. maculicollis was known as a pest. Observed data tended to follow model predictions with respect to general pattern. Discrepancies were primarily due to faster population accumulation rates of each stage and/or greater synchrony than predicted. The results indicated site-specific variations in phenology. Further investigation about the effects of phenotypic plasticity, photoperiod, and adaptation to local habitat conditions on the phenology was suggested. The spatio-temporal dynamics of L. maculicollis, P. annua, and damage were investigated. Damage aggregated at the periphery of the fairway, the primary reproduction site for the beetle. It was spatially associated with larval density, thatch depth, and soil nitrate concentration. The crown feeding larvae and thatch (surface organic matter) were significantly associated with the occurrence of the damage. Association analysis indicated the crown feeding larvae were the primary cause of the damage and thatch provided a physical environment that was suitable for insect feeding and/or antagonistic to the plant's tolerance to the feeding. There was no significant association between P. annua density and plant damage or insect density. This result indicated that L. maculicollis pattern of colonization of turf areas was due to the physical environment that transitioned from high-mown turf to short-mown turf rather than a particular preference for P. annua. The fecundity of field-collected adults greatly differed between spring and summer. After the immigration to fairways from the overwintering site in April, the overwintered adults continuously oviposited eggs through June with great individual variation in number (0-84 eggs/individual). On the other hand, in July, when the majority of the field-collected adults were considered to be new adults of the following generation, they rarely laid eggs. The results challenge the current interpretation of L. maculicollis voltinism and indicated that the appearance of multiple generations might arise from the variation in the number of eggs oviposited by the overwintered adults and the continuous immigration of overwintered adults. Rearing methods with artificial diet and plant material were investigated. The developmental times of the insect, from egg to adult, on lettuce diet were normally distributed with large variance (25-113 days). This variation is a possible explanation of observed asynchronous populations in the field. The results imply the necessity of modifying the conventional views of the seasonal changes of L. maculicollis development that were largely based on anecdotal observation.
Récupéré en direct depuis OpenAlex et désinversé. Les résumés ne sont pas conservés dans cette base de données : les index inversés représentent 8,6 Go des 9,3 Go de texte de la base, et le serveur dispose de 13 Go libres.
Comment cette classification a été obtenuedéplier
Prédiction machine sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Le volet Gemma est une étiquette directe du modèle pour chaque travail de la base, lue sur la notice réduite au titre. Le volet Codex est un classifieur appris des 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et calibré sur les taux pondérés de l'échantillon; les champs sans appui suffisant ne portent aucun appel Codex. Le mode candidate est l'union des deux volets; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont pas des étiquettes humaines.
Scores du classifieur distillé par catégorie (deux têtes)
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,001 | 0,000 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Communication savante | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Science ouverte | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,001 | 0,000 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; un appel candidat d’une seule source (Gemma direct ou Codex distillé), pas un consensus.
Le détail, modèle par modèle et score par score, se trouve en fin de page sous « Comment cette classification a été obtenue ».