Editorial: Application of ultraviolet light to air, water, and wastewater treatment / Éditorial : Utilisation de la lumière ultraviolette dans le traitement de l'air, de l'eau et des eaux usées
Notice bibliographique
Résumé
Application of ultraviolet light to air, water, and wastewater treatmentThis is a Special Issue of the Journal of Environmental Engineering and Science dedicated to applications of ultra- violet (UV) technologies.Since the first UV supplement was published in 2005, there have been a number of developments related to the application of UV in water and wastewater and the engineering science has developed rapidly.The articles in this issue capture a portion of that activity.The practical application of ultraviolet (UV) light for the solution of environmental engineering problems has a long history.In fact, the use of UV for disinfecting drinking water pre-dates that of chlorine.The triple combination of modern regulatory pressures, new scientific discoveries, and improvements in UV technology has resulted in renewed interest in UV for both water and wastewater treatment applications.The last 2 years have been significant for UV technology.In Canada, newly proposed federal guidelines will force wastewater treatment system operators to consider alternatives to chlorine, such as UV, for disinfecting wastewaters discharged to surface waters.Many wastewater systems in Canada already employ UV and the number continues to grow.The relatively recent discovery (still within the last decade) that UV can inactivate the waterborne protozoan parasites Giardia spp.and Cryptosporidium spp.has initiated a resurgence in interest in UV for disinfecting drinking water where it competes with technology such as ozone and chlorine dioxide.In the US, the USEPA promulgated the Long Term 2 Enhanced Surface Water Treatment Rule in January 2006.This rule requires drinking water utilities that use surface water sources to provide minimum levels of protection against Cryptosporidium spp..The rule also identifies UV as an acceptable technology for achieving those goals and further identifies specific UV dose requirements for achieving Cryptosporidium spp.log inactivation credit.In support of the LT2 Rule, the USEPA released the UV Disinfection Guidance Manual in November 2006.This manual provides a wealth of information regarding the practical applications of UV in drinking water facilities.There are a number of very large UV installation projects under construction or in the design phase in North America, the largest of which is the New York City facility.As a result, research in drinking water UV has moved from bench-top studies of fundamentals to the study of practical applications, such as refining the measurement of fluence rates, the use of computational fluid dynamics for performance prediction, development of novel techniques for on-line verification of UV dose calculation methodologies, on-line monitoring, and sensor validation.The presence of trace chemical contaminants, such as agricultural chemical residues, and pharmaceutical active and endocrine disrupting compounds in water and wastewater has provided an opportunity for exploration of UVbased advanced oxidation processes as a means of treatment.Most of the papers in this Special Issue were presented at the Third International Congress on Ultraviolet Technologies held at Whistler, British Columbia, in May 2005.At that conference, approximately 100 papers were presented
Récupéré en direct depuis OpenAlex et désinversé. Les résumés ne sont pas conservés dans cette base de données : les index inversés représentent 8,6 Go des 9,3 Go de texte de la base, et le serveur dispose de 13 Go libres.
Comment cette classification a été obtenuedéplier
Prédiction machine sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Le volet Gemma est une étiquette directe du modèle pour chaque travail de la base, lue sur la notice réduite au titre. Le volet Codex est un classifieur appris des 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et calibré sur les taux pondérés de l'échantillon; les champs sans appui suffisant ne portent aucun appel Codex. Le mode candidate est l'union des deux volets; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont pas des étiquettes humaines.
Scores du classifieur distillé par catégorie (deux têtes)
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,004 | 0,011 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,006 | 0,001 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,004 | 0,004 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,004 | 0,001 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,003 | 0,002 |
| Communication savante | 0,007 | 0,005 |
| Science ouverte | 0,004 | 0,001 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,012 | 0,014 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,017 | 0,016 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; un appel candidat d’une seule source (Gemma direct ou Codex distillé), pas un consensus.
Le détail, modèle par modèle et score par score, se trouve en fin de page sous « Comment cette classification a été obtenue ».