Notice bibliographique
Résumé
Technology Focus The baton has been passed, and so, during the next 3 years, I will provide here a brief editorial about and drawing your attention to recent publications or events pertaining to unconventional resources. I have been around the industry since the late 1970s and have seen many changes since. I started my petroleum career working in the unconventional oil sands of Alberta, Canada, which are similar to but colder than those of Venezuela. Although unconventional-oil exploitation is still a dynamic topic, activity in unconventional gas (e.g., tight gas, shale gas, and coalbed methane) is picking up as environmental awareness surrounding the exploitation of unconventional resources grows. So, my editorial is about "unconventionals," a very trendy word indeed. What are unconventional resources and what characterizes them? I will broach this topic in a general way without offering a definition—this has been debated for a long time! There are unconventional locations (e.g., deep water or beneath national parklands, a lake, or a city), which require unconventional methods. There are unconventional formations (e.g., oil sands and coalbed methane) containing hydrocarbons that cannot be produced in a conventional (primary or secondary) way with available equipment, or are not being exploited because of unavailable methods and/or high costs. Unconventional technologies are being developed to recover these unconventional and difficult-to-recover hydrocarbons, from drilling and completions to logging to production. There are unconventional "energies," with a shift toward renewable ones such as wind, solar, geothermal, and deep ocean energies, and biofuels. Obviously, the environment is a priority, and large efforts are expended nowadays in this direction. For example, greenhouse gases are being captured and disposed of in deep rocks or in the water in pilot projects; these gases are also used for enhanced oil recovery. The more-than-century-old "oil and gas" industry has changed into an "energy" industry. As this industry is redefined, many of the technologies that traditionally have been used for oil and gas exploration and development are needed to expand unconventional resources and advance the development of other sources of energy, whether they are nonrenewable or renewable ones. It is natural for this growth of the industry to happen. Along the way, we will find/discover new technologies that will also help the development or redevelopment of the old established sources. Bright is the future! Unconventional Resources additional reading available at OnePetro: www.onepetro.org SPE 119891 • "Workflow for Stratigraphic Characterization of Unconventional Gas Shales" by Roger M. Slatt, SPE, University of Oklahoma, et al. IPTC 12743 • "Importance of Unconventional Oil Resources in Shaping the Far East Energy Future" by Philip Stark, IHS, et al. SPE 113852 • "Oil and Gas Expertise for Geothermal Exploitation: The Need for Technology Transfer" by Gioia Falcone, SPE, Texas A&M University, et al.
Récupéré en direct depuis OpenAlex et désinversé. Les résumés ne sont pas conservés dans cette base de données : les index inversés représentent 8,6 Go des 9,3 Go de texte de la base, et le serveur dispose de 13 Go libres.
Comment cette classification a été obtenuedéplier
Prédiction machine sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Le volet Gemma est une étiquette directe du modèle pour chaque travail de la base, lue sur la notice réduite au titre. Le volet Codex est un classifieur appris des 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et calibré sur les taux pondérés de l'échantillon; les champs sans appui suffisant ne portent aucun appel Codex. Le mode candidate est l'union des deux volets; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont pas des étiquettes humaines.
Scores du classifieur distillé par catégorie (deux têtes)
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,002 | 0,005 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,001 | 0,001 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,001 | 0,001 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,003 | 0,002 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,002 | 0,001 |
| Communication savante | 0,008 | 0,005 |
| Science ouverte | 0,001 | 0,002 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,009 | 0,006 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,096 | 0,053 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; un appel candidat d’une seule source (Gemma direct ou Codex distillé), pas un consensus.
Le détail, modèle par modèle et score par score, se trouve en fin de page sous « Comment cette classification a été obtenue ».