Pipeline Capacity for Transporting New East Coast Supplies-Is There Enough?
Notice bibliographique
Résumé
Abstract The potential exists for significant new sources of natural gas to develop in Atlantic Canada and the U.S. Northeast over the next five to ten years. Incremental supplies are expected to come from both conventional (offshore and onshore basins) and unconventional (LNG, CNG, and/or CBM) sources. The Maritimes & Northeast Pipeline system is a critically important part of the energy infrastructure that delivers gas to growing markets in the region. Capacity of this transmission pipeline can be efficiently and economically expanded to accommodate new supplies. This can be accomplished within or adjacent to the existing pipeline corridor, thereby minimizing impacts on landowners and the environment. Introduction Maritimes & Northeast Pipeline Maritimes & Northeast Pipeline ("MNP") is a 685 mile natural gas transmission pipeline system that transports gas produced offshore Nova Scotia by the Sable Offshore Energy Project ("SOEP") to markets in Atlantic Canada and the U.S. Northeast. Constructed in 1999, the MNP mainline extends from the SOEP gas processing plant at Goldboro, Nova Scotia, through the provinces of Nova Scotia and New Brunswick, and the states of Maine, New Hampshire, and Massachusetts (Figure 1). MNP interconnects with the North American pipeline grid at three locations: Westbrook, Maine (Portland Natural Gas Transmission System); Dracut, Massachusetts (Tennessee Gas Pipeline); and Beverly, Massachusetts (Algonquin Gas Transmission). Compressor stations are located at Baileyville, Maine, and Richmond, Maine. Approximately 125 miles of lateral pipelines serve markets in Halifax and Point Tupper, Nova Scotia, as well as Moncton and Saint John, New Brunswick. The design capacity of the MNP system is approximately 530 mmcfd in Canada, and 400 mmcfd in the United States. Capacity of the U.S. portion of MNP ("MNP U.S.") is slated to be doubled to approximately 800 mmcfd by November, 2008 through the addition of new compression facilities. MNP is owned by affiliates of Spectra Energy, ExxonMobil, and Emera. Market Overview The U.S. Northeast1 is a well-developed and dynamic energy market. With almost ten million natural gas customers in the eight-state area (15% of the U.S. total), natural gas represents approximately 24% of the region's primary energy consumption. The U.S. Northeast constitutes the anchor market for natural gas supply and infrastructure development north of the mid-Atlantic region. Annual gas consumption in the U.S. Northeast is approximately 2.5 tcf. Demand is forecasted to grow at a rate of 1.1% per annum over the period 2005 to 2021, according to U.S. Energy Information Administration statistics. This represents an increase in annual consumption of approximately 0.5 tcf, and will be driven by demand in the industrial and power generation sectors. Gas supply to the region comes from U.S. domestic production, predominantly the Gulf Coast area (53%); western and eastern Canadian imports (40%); and imported LNG, predominantly from Trinidad and Tobago (7%). LNG is expected to constitute an increasing portion of the natural gas supply mix in the coming years due to flat or declining production from conventional North American sources.
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Prédiction distillée sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Apprise à partir de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Gemma. Le mode candidate est l'union des têtes enseignantes seuillées; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont ni des étiquettes humaines ni des étiquettes directes de modèles de pointe.
Scores Codex et Gemma par catégorie
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,000 | 0,001 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Communication savante | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Science ouverte | 0,001 | 0,000 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,001 | 0,001 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; un appel candidat d’une seule tête enseignante, pas un consensus.
Le détail, modèle par modèle et score par score, se trouve en fin de page sous « Comment cette classification a été obtenue ».