Pipeline Capacity for Transporting New East Coast Supplies-Is There Enough?
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract The potential exists for significant new sources of natural gas to develop in Atlantic Canada and the U.S. Northeast over the next five to ten years. Incremental supplies are expected to come from both conventional (offshore and onshore basins) and unconventional (LNG, CNG, and/or CBM) sources. The Maritimes & Northeast Pipeline system is a critically important part of the energy infrastructure that delivers gas to growing markets in the region. Capacity of this transmission pipeline can be efficiently and economically expanded to accommodate new supplies. This can be accomplished within or adjacent to the existing pipeline corridor, thereby minimizing impacts on landowners and the environment. Introduction Maritimes & Northeast Pipeline Maritimes & Northeast Pipeline ("MNP") is a 685 mile natural gas transmission pipeline system that transports gas produced offshore Nova Scotia by the Sable Offshore Energy Project ("SOEP") to markets in Atlantic Canada and the U.S. Northeast. Constructed in 1999, the MNP mainline extends from the SOEP gas processing plant at Goldboro, Nova Scotia, through the provinces of Nova Scotia and New Brunswick, and the states of Maine, New Hampshire, and Massachusetts (Figure 1). MNP interconnects with the North American pipeline grid at three locations: Westbrook, Maine (Portland Natural Gas Transmission System); Dracut, Massachusetts (Tennessee Gas Pipeline); and Beverly, Massachusetts (Algonquin Gas Transmission). Compressor stations are located at Baileyville, Maine, and Richmond, Maine. Approximately 125 miles of lateral pipelines serve markets in Halifax and Point Tupper, Nova Scotia, as well as Moncton and Saint John, New Brunswick. The design capacity of the MNP system is approximately 530 mmcfd in Canada, and 400 mmcfd in the United States. Capacity of the U.S. portion of MNP ("MNP U.S.") is slated to be doubled to approximately 800 mmcfd by November, 2008 through the addition of new compression facilities. MNP is owned by affiliates of Spectra Energy, ExxonMobil, and Emera. Market Overview The U.S. Northeast1 is a well-developed and dynamic energy market. With almost ten million natural gas customers in the eight-state area (15% of the U.S. total), natural gas represents approximately 24% of the region's primary energy consumption. The U.S. Northeast constitutes the anchor market for natural gas supply and infrastructure development north of the mid-Atlantic region. Annual gas consumption in the U.S. Northeast is approximately 2.5 tcf. Demand is forecasted to grow at a rate of 1.1% per annum over the period 2005 to 2021, according to U.S. Energy Information Administration statistics. This represents an increase in annual consumption of approximately 0.5 tcf, and will be driven by demand in the industrial and power generation sectors. Gas supply to the region comes from U.S. domestic production, predominantly the Gulf Coast area (53%); western and eastern Canadian imports (40%); and imported LNG, predominantly from Trinidad and Tobago (7%). LNG is expected to constitute an increasing portion of the natural gas supply mix in the coming years due to flat or declining production from conventional North American sources.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".