The conservation status of New Zealand's indigenous grasslands
Notice bibliographique
Résumé
Abstract The conservation status of New Zealand's indigenous grasslands was assessed against an 1840 baseline, immediately prior to European settlement, when they were of maximum extent. Five major types were recognised, four of them tussock grasslands. The assumed baseline extent of areas with at least some grassland dominance was mapped on the basis of the best available information. Their current extent was derived from the “tussock” category in Land Cover Data Base 1 map (typed as for the baseline map) and the areas formally protected (as at September 2002) from Department of Conservation records. Ecological region boundaries were added and the map information scanned and compiled using ArcGIS. North Island areas were also assessed as one unit while South Island was divided into three geographic regions based on general land use patterns: western wet non‐rangeland, rain‐shadow rangeland, and eastern lower altitude non‐rangeland regions. Of the total baseline extent of indigenous grasslands (82 432 km 2 or c. 31% of the land area), about 13% was low‐alpine snow tussock grassland, 18% montane to subalpine snow tussock grassland, 23% montane to low‐alpine tall red/copper tussock grassland, 44% montane to subalpine short‐tussock grassland, and c. 2% lowland sward grassland. Most grassland (57%) was in the South Island rangeland region which also had the greatest extent of all four major tussock grassland types. Remaining areas of each grassland type vary largely with altitude and climate, the drier lower‐elevation grasslands showing the greatest reduction. Protection of the remaining indigenous grasslands, with various degrees of modification and/or degradation, is greatest in the South Island wet western region (89% of the 98% which remained as of September 2002), with less in the North Island (40% of the remaining 17%), and eastern South Island non‐rangeland region (11% of the remaining 3%). Grassland protection in the rangelands (12% of the remaining 76%) is currently increasing through tenure review of the Crown‐owned pastoral leases in this region. Indigenous temperate grasslands, claimed to be the world's most beleaguered biome (currently 4.59% protected), attain about 12.3% protection of the baseline area in New Zealand (or 28% of the 44% of remaining baseline extent), though biased towards the uplands. Data sets are available as ArcGIS shape files for indigenous grasslands at both 2002 and 1840, on an ecological region basis, as well as for high‐alpine and nival areas for the same periods and regions.
Récupéré en direct depuis OpenAlex et désinversé. Les résumés ne sont pas conservés dans cette base de données : les index inversés représentent 8,6 Go des 9,3 Go de texte de la base, et le serveur dispose de 13 Go libres.
Comment cette classification a été obtenuedéplier
Prédiction distillée sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Apprise à partir de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Gemma. Le mode candidate est l'union des têtes enseignantes seuillées; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont ni des étiquettes humaines ni des étiquettes directes de modèles de pointe.
Scores Codex et Gemma par catégorie
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Communication savante | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Science ouverte | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; un appel candidat d’une seule tête enseignante, pas un consensus.
Le détail, modèle par modèle et score par score, se trouve en fin de page sous « Comment cette classification a été obtenue ».