First Report of <i>Pyrenophora seminiperda</i> in Turkey and Greece
Notice bibliographique
Résumé
Pyrenophora seminiperda (Brittleb. & D.B. Adam) Shoemaker (anamorph Drechslera campanulata (Lév.) B. Sutton) is a generalist seed pathogen that can cause high mortality in the seed banks of annual and perennial grasses and a minor leaf spot disease. Its current reported distribution is mainly temperate grasslands, deserts, and winter cereal-growing regions in Argentina, Australia, Canada, Egypt, New Zealand, South Africa, and the United States (2). P. seminiperda was originally described in France in the mid-1800s, but there are no recent reports from eastern Europe or Asia (2). In May of 2008, we observed what appeared to be P. seminiperda on seeds from seed bank samples collected in Turkey. Evidence of disease was observed as macroscopic black stromata protruding from the seed. The characteristic club-shaped stromata were collected from a Taeniatherum caput-medusae seed near Pamukkale, Turkey and six Bromus tectorum seeds in Love Valley near Goreme, Turkey. An additional collection from a single undispersed B. tectorum seed was obtained from Perissa, Greece. Identity of the pathogen was tentatively established by evaluating morphological characteristics for nine isolates in V8 agar culture. After 4 days of incubation at 20°C with a 12-h photoperiod, the cultures produced white mycelium. Following wounding, the mycelium produced black, club-shaped stromata (2 to 8 × 0.4 to 0.9 mm) in a radial pattern. These produced branched conidiophores bearing crescent-shaped, multicellular conidia (79 to 125 μm long). These attributes are consistent with those of the anamorph of P. seminiperda as described by Shoemaker (4) and Campbell et al. (1). The teleomorph was not observed. The identity of the isolates as P. seminiperda was confirmed with ribosomal DNA internal transcribed spacer (ITS) genetic sequencing analysis. ITS sequences obtained were identical to sequences for North American haplotypes of this species. Four of the Love Valley isolates, (representative isolate: GQ168725, BPI 879142, NRRL 54032) matched the HTA haplotype (GQ168724), while the other four (representative isolate: GQ168736, BPI 879143, NRRL 54033) matched the HTJ haplotype (GQ168735). The isolate from Perissa, Greece (GQ168728, BPI 879144, NRRL 54034) matched the HTC haplotype (GQ168727). Pathogenicity of several Love Valley isolates was confirmed by producing conidia in culture, dusting nondormant B. tectorum seeds with 0.003 g of conidial inoculum per 50 seeds, and incubating for 14 days at 10/20°C with a 12-h photoperiod. Stromata developed on >90% of inoculated seeds and mortality as high as 34% was observed. Morphological similarities combined with ITS sequence data provide conclusive evidence that P. seminiperda occurs in Turkey and Greece. The discovery of this pathogen in these countries indicates that it may be widespread in Eurasia and that it could have arrived in North America on seeds of B. tectorum (3) rather than representing a novel pathogen for this important weed in its North American range. References: (1) M. A. Campbell et al. Plant Pathol. 52:448, 2003. (2) R. W. Medd et al. Australas. Plant Pathol. 32:539, 2003. (3) S. E. Meyer et al. Can J. Plant Pathol. 30:525, 2008. (4) R. A. Shoemaker. Can. J. Bot. 44:1451, 1966.
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Comment cette classification a été obtenuedéplier
Prédiction distillée sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Apprise à partir de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Gemma. Le mode candidate est l'union des têtes enseignantes seuillées; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont ni des étiquettes humaines ni des étiquettes directes de modèles de pointe.
Scores Codex et Gemma par catégorie
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Communication savante | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Science ouverte | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; un appel candidat d’une seule tête enseignante, pas un consensus.
Le détail, modèle par modèle et score par score, se trouve en fin de page sous « Comment cette classification a été obtenue ».