Large-Scale Tests of Pyrotechnically Generated Aerosol Fire Extinguishing Systems for the Protection of Machinery Spaces and Gas Turbine Enclosures in Royal Naval Warships
Notice bibliographique
Résumé
The first Royal Navy Destroyer for over 20 years is due to enter service in 2007. The base design for fire protection of the main machinery space (first shot) and Gas Turbine enclosure is by a carbon dioxide total flooding system. Ministry of Defence policy precludes the use Halon as part of the implementation of the Montreal Protocol on new construction ships. Carbon dioxide although the preferred solution for the T45 Destroyer is inherently toxic and places large demands on storage areas and makes this far from the ideal solution. Since 2001, the T45 Destroyer Warship Integration Team has been advancing the testing of two pyrotechnically generated aerosol systems as a replacement for carbon dioxide systems. Large-scale tests of aerosol agents were carried out at Darchem Flares IMO facility (internal dimensions 10m × 10m × 5m high) near Darlington, UK. The test programme was loosely based around the IMO (International Maritime Organisation) MSC/Circ. 1007 protocol but with greater amounts of clutter in the facility and more representative of a warship’s machinery space. Fire scenarios were also modified to make them more representative of naval circumstances with the pass criteria as specified in IMO MSC/Circ 1007 specification: • Class B fires extinguished within 30 seconds; • 15 minute hold period (no re-ignition); • fuel spray shut off 15 seconds after fire extinguishment; • at the end of hold period fuel spray should be restarted for 15 seconds with no re-ignition evident; • at the end of the test fuel trays must have sufficient fuel remaining to cover bottom of tray. In addition to the large-scale testing aerosol fire testing was conducted on a faithful replica of a Gas Turbine enclosure. The GT mock-up enclosure was designed to replicate in service thermal and airflow conditions within the gas turbine enclosure prior to the fire scenario and release of the agent. A hazard assessment was carried out by a focus group to determine expected fire conditions within the enclosure and these were replicated in a number of fire tests to evaluate the performance of the aerosols. Although derived from a common background and described by common terminology, very stark performance differences were found between the two systems tested. This paper will describe the test facility, tests carried out, performance result’s and proposed future use of pyrotechnic fire suppression aerosols within the Royal Navy.
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Prédiction distillée sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Apprise à partir de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Gemma. Le mode candidate est l'union des têtes enseignantes seuillées; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont ni des étiquettes humaines ni des étiquettes directes de modèles de pointe.
Scores Codex et Gemma par catégorie
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Communication savante | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Science ouverte | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; un appel candidat d’une seule tête enseignante, pas un consensus.
Le détail, modèle par modèle et score par score, se trouve en fin de page sous « Comment cette classification a été obtenue ».