Notice bibliographique
Résumé
Abstract The effect of dissolved gas in the reservoir on oil production rates in SAGD is investigated by means of theory and simulation. Butler's LinDrain equation for the oil rate during the spreading phase of the steam chamber is generalized to include the effect of gas dissolved in the oil phase. The theory incorporates methods to calculate saturation distributions in the flow region and links the (dead) oil rate to the producing water-oil ratio (WOR) and gas-oil ratio (GOR). For a given GOR in a suitable range, the theory indicates that the oil rate with dissolved gas approaches the oil rate without dissolved gas as the operating pressure increases. Simulation studies were carried out to evaluate the impact of dissolved gas on oil rates for increasing operating pressure and the conclusion from theory stated above was confirmed in the simulation runs. The results here indicate that the reduction n the oil rate due to dissolved gas may be substantial for operating pressures close to the initial pressure and could influence the selection of a suitable operating pressure for SAGD. Introduction In the early theoretical and experimental work on steamassisted gravity drainage (SAGD), the effect of dissolved gas on the process was ignored (see Chapter 7 of Butler1). Later studies of the effect, based on reservoir simulation, indicated a decrease in the bitumen production rate due to the presence of dissolved gas (Gittins et al. 2). Since this effect was apparently not in agreement with field data, some authors concluded that there was something inherently wrong with the simulation results and claimed that the exclusion of dissolved gas resulted in bitumen rates more in accord with field experience (pp. 583 - 584 of Mukherjee et al. 3). In this paper we study the issue of dissolved gas in SAGD by means of theory and simulation and show that the effects on bitumen rate predicted by simulation are in accord with theory. owever the effect does decrease as the operating pressure increases and the (dead) bitumen rates with and without dissolved gas become nearly equal. LinDrain Theory for SAGD with Dissolved Gas For the case when no dissolved gas is present, Butler (p. 176 of Ref. 4) has developed a 2-D theory for calculating the bitumen rate for SAGD, during the spreading phase of the steam chamber, by assuming a triangular shape for the steam chamber. The reservoir is assumed to be laterally infinite. This theory, referred to by Butler as LinDrain Theory in his writings, is generalized here to the case when dissolved gas is present. The dissolved gas is taken to be methane and it is assumed that methane is soluble in the oil phase but not in the water phase. Dead bitumen is represented by a single pseudo-component. Only steam injection is considered here-there is no injection of methane with steam. For the case of dissolved gas, the steam chamber of SAGD becomes a vapor chamber containing a mixture of water vapor and methane
Récupéré en direct depuis OpenAlex et désinversé. Les résumés ne sont pas conservés dans cette base de données : les index inversés représentent 8,6 Go des 9,3 Go de texte de la base, et le serveur dispose de 13 Go libres.
Comment cette classification a été obtenuedéplier
Prédiction machine sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Le volet Gemma est une étiquette directe du modèle pour chaque travail de la base, lue sur la notice réduite au titre. Le volet Codex est un classifieur appris des 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et calibré sur les taux pondérés de l'échantillon; les champs sans appui suffisant ne portent aucun appel Codex. Le mode candidate est l'union des deux volets; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont pas des étiquettes humaines.
Scores du classifieur distillé par catégorie (deux têtes)
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,000 | 0,002 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,001 | 0,000 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,001 | 0,000 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,000 | 0,001 |
| Communication savante | 0,001 | 0,001 |
| Science ouverte | 0,001 | 0,001 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,001 | 0,000 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,001 | 0,000 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; un appel candidat d’une seule source (Gemma direct ou Codex distillé), pas un consensus.
Le détail, modèle par modèle et score par score, se trouve en fin de page sous « Comment cette classification a été obtenue ».