O2-S1.06 Community responses to an HIV epidemic in South India: knowledge, moral panic and cultural inertia
Notice bibliographique
Résumé
Background Studies have shown that as communities face serious threats to traditional values, such as that posed by HIV, cultural inertia may result, whereby existing trends towards more liberalised views of sexuality are stalled, particularly among the educated and youth. We examined changes in attitudes around HIV in Bagalkot district, south India, between 2003 and 2009. Methods General population surveys were conducted in 2003 and 2009, among approximately 6600 randomly sampled men and women in 10 villages and 20 urban blocks. Questions about HIV knowledge, sexuality, gender and condoms were included. Results Knowledge of HIV increased from 77% in 2003 to 88% in 2009, and condom awareness increased significantly (37.4%–65.4%). However, in 2009, only 23% of people mentioned condoms spontaneously as a means of preventing transmission (an increase from 8% in 2003). There was an increase in those who thought sex workers should be compulsorily tested for HIV (63.0% vs 73.5%, p=0.01). An increasing number of people agreed that it is wrong to talk about sex" (24.2% vs 29.2%, p=0.05), especially women (21.9% vs 32.4%, p<0.01). There was an increase in those who thought it “wrong to talk about AIDS in a respectable family” (16.4% vs 0.22.1%, p=0.01), largely among urban women, youth and the more educated, and more in 2009 thought it improper for respectable people to discuss condoms (5.5% vs 17.9%, p<0.01). In 2003, 11.8% agreed that “access to condoms promotes promiscuity”, increasing to 29.5% in 2009 (p<0.01). Men, educated people, urbanites and young people under 25 were the most likely to believe this. Sex education was thought to be equally damaging, especially among women and young people, with more agreeing that it promotes sexual activity and promiscuity in 2009 than in 2003 (19.3% vs 30.2%, p<0.01). Conclusions Although scapegoats (in the form of sex workers) were increasingly identified by the community, stigma towards those with HIV appeared to have reduced significantly. Despite increased knowledge and positive changes around stigma, fear of change to cultural mores was apparent, with unwillingness to embrace openness and discuss sexuality. Young and educated respondents appeared to be the most regressive thinkers, reflecting a cultural inertia that mirrors studies of other threats to traditional societal values. More effort is required to educate young people about healthy sexuality, openness and safe sex.
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Comment cette classification a été obtenuedéplier
Prédiction machine sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Le volet Gemma est une étiquette directe du modèle pour chaque travail de la base, lue sur la notice réduite au titre. Le volet Codex est un classifieur appris des 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et calibré sur les taux pondérés de l'échantillon; les champs sans appui suffisant ne portent aucun appel Codex. Le mode candidate est l'union des deux volets; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont pas des étiquettes humaines.
Scores du classifieur distillé par catégorie (deux têtes)
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,001 | 0,002 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,001 | 0,001 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,002 | 0,001 |
| Communication savante | 0,002 | 0,001 |
| Science ouverte | 0,001 | 0,002 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,001 | 0,000 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,099 | 0,007 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; un appel candidat d’une seule source (Gemma direct ou Codex distillé), pas un consensus.
Le détail, modèle par modèle et score par score, se trouve en fin de page sous « Comment cette classification a été obtenue ».