CLEISTO- AND CHASMOGAMIC SEED SETTING IN DI- AND TETRAPLOID LAMIUM AMPLEXICAULE
Notice bibliographique
Résumé
HE production of amongst others autotetraploid Lctmium timpferi-T crrule for species crossing purposes has been reported earlier (ljERNSTIR6M, 1941(ljERNSTIR6M, , 1944)).Besides using the autotetraploids for this purpose a close study has been made of their dsifferent characters, an account about which will be published later.The study of the seed setting in L. amplexiccrule has, however, disclosed such interesting conditions that they deserve special mention.-4s is known, L, amplexictrirle is as a rule dimorphic in that both chasmogamic and cleistogamic flowers occur.The mode of function of the cleistoganiic flowers and the factors favouring their development have been the subject of many investigations, e .g. by WALZ (18641, ~ ~~ ~~ LAMIUM AMPLEXICAULE __Often, this has very clearly shown itsell' :ilso to be the case in my material, most of which lias not yet been published.For instance, line (i 8, one of tlie richest chasmogamously flowering lines among those studied, is characterized by much inferior seed setting on flowering in tlie middle ol' the 5uminer than on llowering in tlie autumn, when the chasinogainic flowering in L .rrniplexicnule is always much less than in summer, whereas line ci 10, wliicli even in the middle OI' the summer develops very few chasmoganiic flowers, lias as good seed setting during summer as during autumn.Experiences from other lines as well conliriii that tliere is often a negative correlation l~elween degree of cliasmogamic flowering and degree of seed setting.As earlier indicated ( R E R N S T R ~M , 1950), self-fertilization of tlie chasinogainic flowers in L. crrnplexiccizile is mostly effected at the ekpansion of tlie flowers by the anthers stroking the stigina at the straightening movements of the filainentls or nl any rate approaching so close to it that one of tlie stigmatic lobes is pollinated.Hence the I'lowers are usually already pollinated before they have entirely es- panded.II' the stigma has not been pollinated at the opening of the flower, lhis is easily remedied by the anthers generally taking up a position on either side of the stigma and very near it, which is likely to effect self-pollination on account of external influences.The selfpollinating mechanism in tetraploid L. amplexicaule does not function so well as in diploi'd owing to the fact that, e .y., tlie lengths of the styles vary more and in consequence tlie stigmata come to occupy quite too dissimilar heights to the anthers, or that the latter do not take up so close a position to one another and to tlie stigina as usual.When an investigation (concerning which more will be reported below) of the seed formation of open and clo5ed flowers in di-and tetraploid L. m i p l e x icaiile was made for 11 days in July, 1946, on inalerial cultivated in ;I greenhouse, the pollination frequency of the chasmognniic flowers was also studied, with the results given below in Table 1.Line Q 14 corresponds to line a 8, and CI 55 to ci 32.Both lines were collected in Sweden, a 8 in the neighbourhood of Gothenburg, and rc 32 in that of Halsingborg in the province of Scania.Within each number tlie flowers of five plants were examined, as a rule in the morning.As seen I'rom tlie table, the perceiilage oC uiipollinated flowers is three to four times as great in tlie tetraploids :is in tlie corresponding diploids, xz for tlie comparison of th,e distribution of, respectively, pollinated and non-pollinated flowers of a 8 and a 14 is 4 3 3 (P<O,oot), and tlie corresponding Xp for a 32 and a 55 is 16,sn ( P < 0,oni).These
Récupéré en direct depuis OpenAlex et désinversé. Les résumés ne sont pas conservés dans cette base de données : les index inversés représentent 8,6 Go des 9,3 Go de texte de la base, et le serveur dispose de 13 Go libres.
Comment cette classification a été obtenuedéplier
Prédiction machine sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Le volet Gemma est une étiquette directe du modèle pour chaque travail de la base, lue sur la notice réduite au titre. Le volet Codex est un classifieur appris des 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et calibré sur les taux pondérés de l'échantillon; les champs sans appui suffisant ne portent aucun appel Codex. Le mode candidate est l'union des deux volets; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont pas des étiquettes humaines.
Scores du classifieur distillé par catégorie (deux têtes)
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Communication savante | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Science ouverte | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,001 | 0,000 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; un appel candidat d’une seule source (Gemma direct ou Codex distillé), pas un consensus.
Le détail, modèle par modèle et score par score, se trouve en fin de page sous « Comment cette classification a été obtenue ».