Evolving Recovery Technologies Directed Towards Commercial Development of the Grosmont Carbonate Reservoirs
Notice bibliographique
Résumé
Abstract Starting in the 1970s, Union Oil Company of Canada (Unocal), in partnership with Canadian Superior and the Alberta Government, conducted a series of exploratory field tests in the bitumen-saturated carbonate rocks of the Grosmont Formation. These tests applied thermal recovery technologies, including steam drive and cyclic steam stimulation (CSS), that were in their early stages of development. Significant amounts of production and observational data were obtained. Although some results were encouraging, activities in Grosmont were eventually stalled in the mid 1980s as economic attention was shifted to Cold Lake and Athabasca Cretaceous siliclastic reservoirs. Since then, in situ bitumen recovery, 3D seismic, horizontal well and surface processing technologies have matured significantly. In light of the enormous resources (406 billion barrels) hosted within the Grosmont Formation, it is pertinent to ask whether those new technologies are applicable for carbonate reservoir development. To answer this question, we studied data from the Unocal pilots conducted in the Grosmont C and augmented it with recent laboratory tests on newly acquired Grosmont C cores. The previous pilot CSS results were encouraging, with the cycle steam-to oil ratio as low as 3.65 and a peak rate of 440 bbls/d from a single vertical well. With subsequent cycles the ratio of the produced fluid to the injected fluid increased, signifying the injected energy was retained and more effective in later cycles. The operation strategy of the Unocal pilots and its implementation were not optimal and we believe that this could be improved with modern techniques. Based on our new understanding of the Grosmont Formation and specifically the Grosmont C, a numerical model was created and verified with production data. Model results indicate that the application of SAGD will be a commercially viable recovery process for Grosmont carbonate reservoirs and that low pressure injection (below 3500kPa) would be desirable. The laboratory tests not only support these conclusions but also suggest that performance of the applicable thermal processes can be enhanced with the addition of solvent. A SAGD/solvent pilot test is planned to start up in late 2010. This pilot will be critical to the development of exploitation strategies applicable to Grosmont carbonate bitumen resources.
Récupéré en direct depuis OpenAlex et désinversé. Les résumés ne sont pas conservés dans cette base de données : les index inversés représentent 8,6 Go des 9,3 Go de texte de la base, et le serveur dispose de 13 Go libres.
Comment cette classification a été obtenuedéplier
Prédiction distillée sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Apprise à partir de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Gemma. Le mode candidate est l'union des têtes enseignantes seuillées; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont ni des étiquettes humaines ni des étiquettes directes de modèles de pointe.
Scores Codex et Gemma par catégorie
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Communication savante | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Science ouverte | 0,001 | 0,000 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; un appel candidat d’une seule tête enseignante, pas un consensus.
Le détail, modèle par modèle et score par score, se trouve en fin de page sous « Comment cette classification a été obtenue ».