Aluminium Alloy Tubulars—Assessment for Ultralong Well Construction
Notice bibliographique
Résumé
Abstract Remaining oil and gas resources situated in easily accessible reservoirs are continuously dwindling, forcing the drilling industry to extend the range of possible targets for production activity to deposits located at considerable depths and a long way from drilling sites. With significant increase in the price of oil, a large number of deposits whose development was previously considered non-economical became suitable for exploitation. Most of these deposits lie offshore and need a borehole of considerable length to reach them from land. Recently the industry experienced a rapid increase in TMD of ERD wells, and reached the record of 11,282m TMD at Sakhalin-1 project in Russia. Several other ultra-long ERD wells include 11,278m TMD (10,728 m displacement) at Wytch Farm M-16 in UK; 11,184 m TMD (10,585 m displacement) at CN-1 in Argentina; 9,082m TMD in Visund, North Sea and etc. Drilling of such long wells, where conventional technology is stretched to its limits, is extremely challenging. Most critical of such challenges is increase in weight of the drill string, leading to considerable growth of drag. In ultra-long wells, the drag may rapidly reach values making it impossible to continue drilling without either reducing frictional forces or reducing the gravity force component acting between the contact surfaces. Reducing the weight of the drill string provides great benefits in ERD operations. One of the solutions for extending the limits of horizontal well drilling is the replacement of conventional steel drill pipe with light alloy drill pipe. This pipe contains a number of superior properties offering important benefits. The most important of them is decrease of drag and torque in horizontal sections, which reduce the possibility of buckling initiation. Aluminium drill pipe (ADP) has extensive productive operational experience in drilling various types of wells. One of the outstanding achievements gained with utilization of ADP was reaching the world record depth of drilling at Kola Ultra-deep Well in 1990. The drilling of this well was performed by use of downhole motors with simultaneous drill string rotation, which predominantly consisted of ADP. The drilling of this well presented a huge amount of operational experience, which in turn was effectively used in drilling less complicated wells. In fact, ADP usage averaged about 80% of all drill pipe in operation in the Soviet Union by 1980-s.
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Comment cette classification a été obtenuedéplier
Prédiction distillée sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Apprise à partir de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Gemma. Le mode candidate est l'union des têtes enseignantes seuillées; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont ni des étiquettes humaines ni des étiquettes directes de modèles de pointe.
Scores Codex et Gemma par catégorie
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Communication savante | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Science ouverte | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; un appel candidat d’une seule tête enseignante, pas un consensus.
Le détail, modèle par modèle et score par score, se trouve en fin de page sous « Comment cette classification a été obtenue ».