Case Study in Venezuela: Performance of Multiphase Meter in Extra Heavy Oil
Notice bibliographique
Résumé
Abstract The objective is to present accurately the performance of the combination of a venturi and multi energy gamma ray in a case study in Venezuela. The focus will be on practical information, knowledge sharing to overcome all classical problems due to fluid behavior met by multiphase metering device in extra heavy oil including classical separator. Heavy and Extra-Heavy Oil represents more than 50% of the worldwide oil reserves, and large efforts have been spent to overcome difficulties related to this kind of oil production. Venezuela has pone of the largest reserve of HO and EHO with more than currently 1.5 trillion of oil in place. Different set of technologies and methodologies have been used to overcome the technical production and monitoring challenges in these lifted or pumped wells. Petroleos de Venezuela (PDVSA) at the opposite of Canada companies is currently producing most of the Heavy Oil from cold and therefore non thermal production methods due to historical reasons. Recently, Orocual field in Monagas Northern (Venezuela) was put in production a cluster with extra heavy oil reaching gravity from 8.6 to 11 API and with a viscosity range from 6 Pa.s to more than 20 Pa.s at line conditions. As per fact, this new production cluster did not have any data, and PDVSA could only use conventional storage tanks to try to estimate the liquid flow rate with no possibility to be able to get the gas production because no separator were able to work in these conditions. However, it was essential to PDVSA in this early phase of the development to review the performance of the field and get access to the oil, water and gas flow rates. In these challenging conditions, and after trying other multiphase meters said to work in Extra Heavy Oil, PDVSA found that the only solution was Venturi - multi energy gamma ray combination. This multiphase technology broke the extra heavy oil paradigm related to multiphase technology to measure flow rates accurately and a comparative test were capable to demonstrate when it was possible from a reference point of view that the overall uncertainty of the entire system (Venturi-Tank) was better than 2%. This extended the new multiphase technology operating envelope for PDVSA from Gas to Extra Heavy Oil and provided a unique solution and the capability to monitor and optimize in real-time the production in this field.
Récupéré en direct depuis OpenAlex et désinversé. Les résumés ne sont pas conservés dans cette base de données : les index inversés représentent 8,6 Go des 9,3 Go de texte de la base, et le serveur dispose de 13 Go libres.
Comment cette classification a été obtenuedéplier
Prédiction distillée sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Apprise à partir de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Gemma. Le mode candidate est l'union des têtes enseignantes seuillées; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont ni des étiquettes humaines ni des étiquettes directes de modèles de pointe.
Scores Codex et Gemma par catégorie
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Communication savante | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Science ouverte | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; un appel candidat d’une seule tête enseignante, pas un consensus.
Le détail, modèle par modèle et score par score, se trouve en fin de page sous « Comment cette classification a été obtenue ».