First report of leaf spot of <i>Smilax china</i> caused by <i>Alternaria longipes</i> in China
Notice bibliographique
Résumé
Smilax china is a small perennial plant belonging to the Liliaceae frequently found in the warm temperate mountainous or hilly regions across eastern Asia. It is a commonly used Chinese herbal medicine. Leaf spot of S. china has been found to be a destructive disease in Tongcheng County, Hubei, China, where this plant is extensively cultivated. Symptoms were observed on infected leaves and fruits from 2006 to 2008 in a plantation established in 2002. Up to 70% of the plants in the areas surveyed showed severe leaf spot symptoms each year. Typical lesions observed were brown, circular or oval and 5–7 mm across. These enlarged and linked together, extending until entire leaves withered. Isolations were made onto potato dextrose agar (PDA) initially forming white colonies. After seven days on PDA, the colonies turned grey or brown, and by 12 days, the agar became blue-grey to dark green throughout. Sporulation was induced on cut filter paper following Zhang (2003). Conidiophores were fasciculated or single, straight or knee-curved, light brown with regular septa, and 20–58 × 3·6–5·5 µm. Each conidium was obclavate, brown, 28–48 × 10–17 µm, with 3–7 transverse and 0–3 longitudinal or oblique septa. The tops of some conidia developed into secondary conidiophores, which were cylindrical, hazel-coloured, and 5·5–22 × 2·5–5·2 µm. The pathogen was identified as Alternaria longipes based on descriptions in Simmons (1981, 1999). Sequences of rDNA-ITS were obtained from three isolates, and comparisons with GenBank showed 100% similarity with A. longipes (AY751457). Pathogenicity tests were performed by spraying until runoff (200 mL/plant) a conidial suspension (5 × 105 conidia/mL) containing 0·1% Tween-20, onto upper and lower surfaces of 30 leaves of six one-year-old 20-cm tall plants. Plants were incubated with a 12 h photoperiod at 25°C and 90% relative humidity. Twelve days after inoculation, brown spots were observed on inoculated leaves, but no symptoms were seen on water-treated control plants. Koch's postulates were fulfilled by re-isolating A. longipes from diseased leaves. Alternaria longipes is known in China to cause tobacco brown rot, but to our knowledge, this is the first report of A. longipes infecting S. china, and furthermore, no previous reports of a disease of S. china have been found.
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Comment cette classification a été obtenuedéplier
Prédiction distillée sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Apprise à partir de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Gemma. Le mode candidate est l'union des têtes enseignantes seuillées; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont ni des étiquettes humaines ni des étiquettes directes de modèles de pointe.
Scores Codex et Gemma par catégorie
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Communication savante | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Science ouverte | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; un appel candidat d’une seule tête enseignante, pas un consensus.
Le détail, modèle par modèle et score par score, se trouve en fin de page sous « Comment cette classification a été obtenue ».