First report of leaf spot of <i>Smilax china</i> caused by <i>Alternaria longipes</i> in China
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Smilax china is a small perennial plant belonging to the Liliaceae frequently found in the warm temperate mountainous or hilly regions across eastern Asia. It is a commonly used Chinese herbal medicine. Leaf spot of S. china has been found to be a destructive disease in Tongcheng County, Hubei, China, where this plant is extensively cultivated. Symptoms were observed on infected leaves and fruits from 2006 to 2008 in a plantation established in 2002. Up to 70% of the plants in the areas surveyed showed severe leaf spot symptoms each year. Typical lesions observed were brown, circular or oval and 5–7 mm across. These enlarged and linked together, extending until entire leaves withered. Isolations were made onto potato dextrose agar (PDA) initially forming white colonies. After seven days on PDA, the colonies turned grey or brown, and by 12 days, the agar became blue-grey to dark green throughout. Sporulation was induced on cut filter paper following Zhang (2003). Conidiophores were fasciculated or single, straight or knee-curved, light brown with regular septa, and 20–58 × 3·6–5·5 µm. Each conidium was obclavate, brown, 28–48 × 10–17 µm, with 3–7 transverse and 0–3 longitudinal or oblique septa. The tops of some conidia developed into secondary conidiophores, which were cylindrical, hazel-coloured, and 5·5–22 × 2·5–5·2 µm. The pathogen was identified as Alternaria longipes based on descriptions in Simmons (1981, 1999). Sequences of rDNA-ITS were obtained from three isolates, and comparisons with GenBank showed 100% similarity with A. longipes (AY751457). Pathogenicity tests were performed by spraying until runoff (200 mL/plant) a conidial suspension (5 × 105 conidia/mL) containing 0·1% Tween-20, onto upper and lower surfaces of 30 leaves of six one-year-old 20-cm tall plants. Plants were incubated with a 12 h photoperiod at 25°C and 90% relative humidity. Twelve days after inoculation, brown spots were observed on inoculated leaves, but no symptoms were seen on water-treated control plants. Koch's postulates were fulfilled by re-isolating A. longipes from diseased leaves. Alternaria longipes is known in China to cause tobacco brown rot, but to our knowledge, this is the first report of A. longipes infecting S. china, and furthermore, no previous reports of a disease of S. china have been found.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".